THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 
LOS  ANGELES 


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BIOGRAPHIES 


OF   THIC 


FOUNDERS.  PROMINENT  EARLY  MEMBERS 
AND  EX-PRESIDENTS 


OF   THK 


Missouri  State  Dental  Association 


IILLVSTRATED.^ 
By  BURTON  LEE 'THORPE,  M.  D. 


D.  D.  S. 


Associate  editor  of  The  Dental  Brief;  Author  "Biographies  of  Pioneer  American  Dentists 

and  Their  Successors"  ;  Chairman  Committee  on  History,  Missouri  State  Dental  Asso  - 

ciation;  Chairman  Committee  on  History,  St,  Louis  Society  of  Dental  Science; 

Secretary  Committee  on  History,  National  Dental  Association;  Secretary 

Commission  on  History,  Federation  Dentaire  Internationale ;  Member  of 

the  St.  Louis  Medical  History  Club,  etc. 


ST.     l_OUIS,     MISSOURI    : 

EV.    E.    CARRERAS.    PRINTER     AND    BINDER. 

1  909. 


^ 


(ic:)p 


TO  THE  MEMORY  OF  THE   FOUNDERS 
OF  THE 

/HMssouri    State     Dental     association, 

WHOSE  DEVOTION.   CONTRIBUTIONS   AND  GOOD 

WORK  IN    BROADENING  THE   SCOPE  AND 

RAISING  THE   STANDARD   OF  DENTAL 

SURGERY,   MAKES  EACH  MEMBER 

OF  THE   ASSOCIATION  THEIR 

DEBTOR,      THIS    VOLUME 

IS    GRATEFULLY 

DEDICATED   BY 

THE  AUTHOR. 


PREFACE, 


The  collection  and  compilation  of  data  and  photographs  of  the 
Organizers  and  Ex-Presidents  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association 
was  begun  by  the  writer  in  1899,  and  continued,  at  odd  moments,  until 
1907,  when  the  Association  made  an  appropriation  for  the  publication 
of  the  same. 

The  object  of  this  volume  is  to  permanently  and  as  nearly  authentically 
as  possible,  put  on  record  the  work  accomplished  by  the  men  who  were 
our  pioneers  in  the  organization  and  those  who  have  been  elevated  to  the 
presidency,  the  highest  honor  in  the  gift  of  the  Association,  that 

"  When  other  men  our  lands  will  till^ 
When  other  men  our  streets  will  fill. 
And  other  birds  will  sing  as  gay — 
As  bright  the  sunshine  as  to-day, 
A  hundred  years  from  now," 

future  generations  may  know  what  these  men  have  achieved. 

The  first  record  of  a  regular  dental  practitioner  in  Missouri  appears  in 
The  Missouri  Gazette  (published  at  St.  Louis)  December,  1809,  which 
states : 

"A  well-bred  surgeon -dentist.  Dr.  Paul,  has  the  honor  of 
informing  his  friends  in  particular  and  the  public  in  general, 
that  he  is  prepared  to  practice  in  all  the  branches  belonging 
to  his  profesion,  viz.,  extracting,  cleaning,  plugging  and 
strengthening  the  teeth,  also  making  artificial  ones." 

In  1830,  Dr.  D.  T.  Kvans  informed  the  citizens  of  St.  Louis  and  its 
vicinity  that  he  had  established  himself  in  this  place  for  the  purpose  of 
devoting  himself  to  the  practice  of  dental  surgery. 

Following  these  came  the  men  who  are  the  subjects  of  these 
biograj)hies. 

The  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  in  its  early  days  brought  about 
the  organization  of  the  Missouri  Dental  College  (1866),  The  Missouri 
Dental  Journal  (1869),  the  extending  of  the  Dental  College  Course  from  one 


to  two  years  (1877).  the  first  bill  regulating  the  practice  of  dental  surgery 
in  Missouri  by  legislative  enactment  and  other  important  things  for  profes- 
sional betterment.  It  also  brought  together  in  professional  comradship 
and  continuity  the  progressive  practitioners  of  Missouri  and  surrounding 
States,  and  made  known  to  the  dental  world  the  men  whose  biographies 
and  likenesses  illustrate  these  pages,  some  of  whom  have  acquired  a  repu- 
tation not  only  national  but  international,  as  expert  operators,  scientists, 
authors,  inventors  and  orators.  It  is  questionable  if  any  State  in  the  Union 
has  produced  a  more  dignified,  talented  or  progressive  set  of  men  than 
those  prominent  in  the  early  days  of  the  Association. 

The  author  acknowledges  with  thanks  his  indebtedness  to  all  those 
who  have  assisted  in  furnishing  data  or  photographs  for  this  work. 
Hettinger  Bros.  Mfg.  Co.,  Kansas  City,  are  thanked  for  their  liberal  do- 
nation to  cover  part  of  illustrations.  He  is  especially  under  obligation  to 
the  late  Dr.  H.  J.  McKellops,  Drs.  George  A.  Bowman,  A.  H.  Fuller, 
Wm.  Conrad,  the  late  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Tindall,  Drs.  J.  D.  Patterson, 
Chas.  L.  Hungerford.  Chas.  Channing  Allen,  Chas.  H.  Darbj',  W.  L.  Reed 
and  F.  M.  Fulkerson,  for  the  generous  assistance  they  have  given  him  in 
this  labor  that  has  been  one  of  love  and  duty  to  his  chosen  calling. 

St.  Lovis,  April,   1909.  BURTON    LEE    THORPE. 


MINUTES  AND  PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THlv 

MISSOURI  STATE  DENTAL  ASSOeiATIOX, 


FIRST  MEETING. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Oct.  31,  18*J5. 

Pursuant  to  a  call  made  by  prominent  St.  Louis  dentists,  about 
sixty  dentists  of  the  State  convened  at  the  new  Church  Hall,  corner  of 
Sixth  and  St.  Charles  streets,  at  10  a.  m.,  to  organize  a  State  Associa- 
tion. Dr.  J.  S.  Clarke,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  was  called  to  the  chair  as  Tem- 
porary Chairman.  Dr.  G.  S.  Morse,  Columbia,  Mo.,  as  Temporary  Sec- 
retary. 

On  motion,  Drs.  L  Forbes,  A.  D.  Sloan,  L  Comstock,  H.  E.  Depp,  and 
W.  H.  Eames,  were  appointed  by  the  Chair  to  draft  a  Constitution  and 
present  to  the  meeting. 

During  the  absence  of  the  committee,  Dr.  Peebles  proposed  the  fol- 
lowint?  query:  "Why  is  it  that  rubber  does  not  vulcanize  to  the  same 
extent  at  ail  times  with  the  same  amount  of  heat  and  length  of  time?" 

The  subject  was  discussed  at  some  length  by  Drs.  Jones,  Blake, 
Payne,  McCoy,  Peebles,  Hovey,  Morse,  and  others,  after  which  the 
committee  appointed  for  that  purpose  reported  a  form  for  a  Constitu- 
tion, which  was  unanimously  adopted.* 

On  motion  a  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  nominate  perma- 
nent officers  for  the  Association.  Drs.  Peebles,  Samuels,  Tindall,  Blake 
and  McCoy,  committee. 

Adjourned  to  meet  2:30  p.  m. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION— 2:30  P.  M. 

Association  met  and  was  called  to  order  by  the  presiding  officer. 

Committee  on  Nomination  reported  as  follows:  President,  H. 
J.  McKellops;  First  Vice-President,  G.  S.  Morse;  Second  Vice-President, 
M.  McCoy;  Recording  Secretary,  H.  Judd;  Corresponding  Secretary,  J. 
Payne;    Treasurer.  A.  M.  Leslie:   who  were  duly  elected.     Drs.  Leslie 


*  See  Constitution. 


and  Forbes  were  appointed  by  the  Chair  to  conduct  the  President-elect 
to  the  chair.  After  some  appropriate  remarks  by  the  President,  on 
motion  of  Dr.  Peebles  it  was  ordered  that  the  blank  in  Art.  3,  Sec.  1, 
of  the  constitution  be  filled  by  inserting  the  words,  one  dollar. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Forbes  the  Nominating  Committee  was  requested 
to  nominate  an  Executive  Committee.  Drs.  Blake,  Sloan  and  Samuels 
were  nominated  and  elected. 

Dr.  Leslie  was  requested  to  furnish  a  synopsis  of  the  proceedings 
of  the  Association  to  the  dental  journals  for  publication. 

After  a  short  discussion  by  Drs.  Clarke,  Hovey  and  McCoy,  upon 
the  use  of  arsenious  acid  for  destroying  the  pulp,  the  Association  took 
a  recess  to  allow  members  an  opportunity  to  sign  the  constitution. 

Thirty-six  members  subscribed  their  names  and  paid  into  the  hands 
of  the  Secretary  the  sum  of  one  dollar,  the  amount  required  by  the 
Constitution. 

The  Association  was  again  called  to  order  and  the  discussion  on  the 
use  of  arsenic  continued  by  different  members. 

Adjourned  to  meet  at  7:30  p.  m.,  at  the  rooms  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Schools.  Fifth  and  Olive  streets.  HOMER  JUDD,  Sec'y. 


NIGHT  SESSION— 7:30  P.  M. 

Association  met,  pursuant  to  adjournment,  and  was  called  to  order 
by  Vice-President  Dr.  Morse. 

The  subject  of  exposed  pulps  was  taken  wp  and  discussed.  (No 
report  of  discussion.) 

The  subject  of  vulcanized  rubber  was  again  brought  up  by  Dr. 
Sloan  and  discussed  by  Drs.  Sloan  and  E.  Hale,  Jr.     (No  report.) 

Inflammation  of  the  dental  periostium  was  presented  for  discussion 
by  the  Executive  Committee. 

Dr.  Samuel  made  some  remarks.     (No  report.) 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Leslie,  Wednesday,  9  a.  m.,  was  set  apart  for 
clinics. 

On  motion  the  Executive  Committee  was  instructed  to  fill  the 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  absence  of  Dr.  Blake.  Dr.  Peebles  was 
appointed. 

Discussion  on  inflammation  of  the  periostium  was  resumed  by  Drs. 
Eames  and  .Tudd.     (No  report.) 

Dr.  Payne  offered  the  following  resolution:  Resolved,  That  it  is 
the  sense  of  the  Association  that  no  man  is  justified  in  taking  a  student 
for  a  less  term  than  two  years,  and  then  only  when  said  student  pledges 
himself  to  graduate  at  a  dental  college  before  engaging  in  practice. 


Remarks  were  made  by  Drs.  Sloan,  Forbes,  Clarke  and  others,  fol- 
lowed by  an  able  speech  by  Dr.  Peebles,  after  which  the  resolution  was 
unanimously  adopted. 

Drs.  Forbes,  McKellops,  Peebles,  Payne,  Barron  and  Eames  were 
appointed  clinical  operators. 

Adjourned  to  meet  at  2  |).  m.  on  Wednesday. 

H.  JUDD,  Secretary. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION— 2  P.  M. 

Association  called  to  order  by  the  President,  Dr.  McKellops. 

Minutes  of  previous  session  read  and  approved. 

On  motion  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  McCoy,  Payne  and  Jones 
wfre  appointed  to  report  on  subject  of  vulcanized  rubber  at  the  next 
meeting. 

Dr.  Spyer  was  requested  to  read  his  paper  on  the  effects  of  disease 
of  the  teeth.  After  the  reading  the  author  was  requested  to  furnish  a 
copy  for  publication  with  the  proceedings. 

I^etters  were  received  and  read  from  Drs.  J.  A.  Price  and  J.  F. 
Hassel. 

Drs.  Leslie,  Hovey  and  Reed  were  appointed  committee  to  appoint 
delegates  to  the  "American  Dental  Association." 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Clarke,  it  was  moved  that  when  the  Association 
adjourned  it  do  so  to  meet  at  7:30  p.  m.,  at  the  rooms  of  the  Public 
School  Board.  It  was  also  moved  that  when  the  Association  adjourned 
finally,  it  do  so,  to  meet  at  St.  Louis  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  .June,  1866. 
Carried. 

Adjourned  to  7:30  p.  m.  H.  .lUDD,  Secretary. 


EVENING  SESSION— 7:30  P.   M. 

The  President  called  the  Association  to  order.  Minutes  of  last 
session  read  and  approved. 

Dr.  McCoy  introduced  as  a  subject  for  consideration,  a  case  of  ex- 
tensive absorption  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  inquired  for  the  best  method 
of  retaining-  a  Icwer  pl^te  in  its  place.  Dr.  McKellops  recommended 
the  use  of  springs;  Dr.  Payne  opposed  the  use  of  springs.  Drs.  Hovey, 
Spyer  and  McCoy  ?ave  their  views.     (No  report  ) 

The  subject  of  "fang  filling"  was  taken  u])  and  parricipatrd  in  by 
Drs.  Forbes,  Clarke,  Hovey.  Blake.  Morrison.  .ludd.  Eames,  Peebles, 
McKellops  and  Payne.     (No  report.) 

Dr.   Clarke  offered   th?  following  rp-olution.     Resolved.     That   the 

9 


thanks  of  this  Association  are  due.  and  are  hereby  tendered,  to  Dr.  H, 
E.  Peebles,  for  his  constant  labors  to  effect  a  full  organization  of  the 
dentists  of  Missouri  into  a  State  Association,  he  having  commenced 
the  labor  in  February,  1856,  by  extensive  correspondence  and  consulta- 
tion with  the  members  of  the  profession.     Resolution  adopted. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Forbes,  it  was  ordered  that  a  preamble  and  the 
resolution  be  written  in  plain  hand,  signed  by  the  President  and  Secre- 
tary of  the  Association,  be  neatly  framed,  and  presented  to  Dr.  Peebles. 
The  following  named  gentlemen  were  appointed  delegates  to  the 
American  Dental  Association: 

Dr.  J.  K.  Stark,  Independence,  Mo. 
Dr.  Edward  Hale,  Jr.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dr.  E.  Hovey,  Springfield,  Mo. 
Dr.  E.  McCune,  Louisiana,  Mo. 
Dr.  Geo.  W.  Crawford,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dr.  G.  W.  Tindall,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Dr.  H.  Judd,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dr.  J.  S.  Clarke,  St.  Louis.  IMo. 
Subject  of  "Failures  in  Dental  Operations"  was  taken  up.    Remarks 
by  Drs.  Forbes,  Hovey,  Sloan,  McKellops  and  Judd. 

On  motion  it  was  resolved  that  the  Executive  Committee  be  re- 
quested to  lay  out  a  series  of  subjects  for  discussion  at  our  next  annual 
meeting  and  place  the  same  in  the  hands  of  the  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, to  be  printed,  and  copies  to  be  sent  to  each  member  of  the 
Association. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Forbes,  it  was  ordered  that  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee be  authorized  to  draw  on  the  Treasurer  to  defray  the  expenses 
of  the  meeting. 

•President  appointed  Dr.  Tash  delegate  to  the  American  Dental 
Association. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Mcrrison.  a  subscription  list  was  opened  for  "The 
Dental  Register." 

The  following  resolution  was  olTered  by  Dr.  Hovey: 
Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Association  are  due  and  are  here- 
by tendered  to  Drs.  Forbes,  McKellops,  Peebles.  Payne,  Eames  and 
Barron,  for  the  courteous  consideration  and  gentlemanly  bearing 
towards  the  members  of  this  Association,  in  kindly  opening  their  offices 
and  tendering  their  services,  not  only  in  the  clinical  exhibitions  thus 
afforded  us,  but  likewise  to  their  readiness  to  iininut  any  and  all  pro- 
fessional information  at  their  command. 

On  UKjtion  adjourned  to  meet  June  5,  1866. 

H.  JUDD.  Recording  StHiretary. 

10 


FIRST  (ONSTrn  TIO.X  AM)  BY-LAWS 
oi"  Tin-; 

MISSOURI  STATIi  DHNTAL  ASSOCIATION. 


ADOITKl)  ()(T()KER31,   ISCJo. 


ARTICLE   1. 
Section  1.     This  society  shall  be  called  the  Missouri  State  Dental 

Association. 

ARTICLE   II. 

Section  1.  The  officers  of  this  Association  shall  consist  of  a  Presi- 
dent, two  Vice-Presidents,  a  Recording  Secretary,  a  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary, a  Treasurer,  and  one  Executive  Committee  of  three  members. 

Sec.  2.  The  officers  shall  be  elected  by  call  at  each  annual  meet- 
ing and  hold  one  year,  and  until  their  successors  are  duly  elected. 

Sec.  3.     The  officers  shall  discharge  all  the  duties  belonging  to  their 

respective  offices. 

ARTICLE  III. 

Section  1.  In  the  formation  of  this  society,  every  practitioner  ot 
dental  surgery,  present  in  person,  shall,  by  enrolling  himself,  and  pay- 
ing the  sum  of  one  dollar  to  the  Recording  Secretary,  become  a  mem- 
ber. 

Sec.  2.  After  the  permanent  organization,  every  dentist,  desiring 
to  become  a  member,  shall  present  his  name,  through  some  member, 
accompanied  with  the  initiation  fee  of  one  dollar,  whereupon,  a  two- 
thirds  vote,  and  the  t^igning  of  the  Constitution,  he  shall  be  a  member 
in  full  connection. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

Section  1.  Members  shall  pay  the  assessment,  and,  upon  the  fail- 
ure for  two  years,  a  forfeiture  of  membership  shall  ensue. 

ARTICLE   V. 

Section  1.  A  membsr  may  be  suspended  or  expelled,  for  immoral 
or  unprofessional  conduct,  mal-practice,  or  any  other  gross  offense,  by 
a  two-thirds  vote. 

Sec.  2.  Any  member  in  good  standing,  and  square  on  the  Secre- 
tary's books,  may  withdraw  from  the  Association  by  notifying  the 
Secretary  in  writing. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

Section  1.  The  meetings  of  the  Association  shall  be  held  at  such 
time  and  place  as  shall  be  determined,  at  a  previous  meeting,  not  less 
frequent  than  once  a  year. 

11 


ARTICLE  VII. 

Section  1.  Seven  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  trans- 
action of  business  at  any  meeting. 

Sec.  2.  In  the  event  that  a  quorum  be  not  present  at  any  meeting, 
the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  call  a  meeting  at  such  time  and 
place  as  he  may  deem  proper,  and  give  notice  thereof  by  a  circular. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 
Section  1.     Students  of  members  shall  be  permitted  to  attend  our 
meetings  free  of  charge,  but  not  to  participate  in  the  discussions  or 
business. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

Section  1.  This  Constitution  may  be  altered  or  amended  by  a  two- 
thirds  vote,  at  any  stated  meeting,  notice  having  been  given  at  any 
previous  meeting. 


BY-LAWS. 

ARTICLE   I. 
Section  1.    This  Constitution  may  be  altered  or  amended  by  a  two- 
tion  shall  be  deemed  the  fundamental  law  of  the  society. 

ARTICLE   II. 

Section  1.  This  Association  shall  be  governed  by  parliamentary 
usage. 

ARTICLE  III. 
Section  1.     Order  of  business: 
1.     Reading  minutes. 

Reports  of  officers,  embracing  the  President's  retiring  address. 

Reports  of  committees. 

4.  Election  of  members. 

5.  Election  of  officers. 

6.  Reading  of  essays. 
Discussions. 
Miscellaneous  business. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

Section  I.  No  member  shall  Kjjeak  twice  on  the  same  subject, 
without  |)ermission  of  the  society. 

Sec.  2.  .  These  By-laws  may  be  altered,  extended  or  amended,  at 
any  stated   nicetin.g,  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all  the  members  present. 


12 


VALEDICTORY  ADDRESS. 


By  H.  J.  McKhli.ops,  D.   I).  S. 
First  President  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association. 

Gentlemen:  In  retiring  from  the  honorable  position  to  which  I 
have  been  elevated  by  my  colleagues  of  the  Missouri  Dental  Association, 
I  feel  it  a  pleasing  duty  to  address  you  a  few  words  in  reference  to  the 
position,  advancement  and  progress  of  Dentistry  in  relation  to  the 
social  scale. 

In  an  address  of  this  kind,  I  do  not  propose  to  make  it  an  oppor- 
tunity of  saying  anything  new,  but  to  offer  some  general  remarks  upon 
the  relation  that  Dentistry  holds  to  society  at  large,  in  order  that  we 
may  more  clearly  appreciate  the  character  and  extent  of  that  useful 
mission  in  which  we  have  all  embarked. 

A  few  years  ago,  and  within  the  memory  of  many  of  us,  the  science 
of  Dentistry  was  wholly  unknown;  and  it  occupied  neither  position  nor 
status  in  the  world  of  medical  progress,  and  was  considered  a  mere 
appendage  of  questionable  value  in  the  life  of  the  professional  man. 
Since  then,  step  by  step,  it  has  advanced,  gathering  strength  by  every 
movement,  until  now,  it  justly  claims  a  position,  ennobled  by  the  prac- 
tical applications  vivifying  influences  of  those  who  have  labored  for 
its  advancement. 

Much  has  been  done,  and  much  more  remains  to  be  accomplished, 
before  our  art  shall  have  reached  that  degree  of  perfection  which  awaits 
patient  and  progressive  research  in  the  unexplored  fields  of  experi- 
mental philosophy. 

To    discharge   conscientiously   the    implied    contract    entered    into 
•  with  our  patients,  to  effect  the  most  perfect  specimen  of  our  handi- 
craft, is   nothing   more   than   is   expected   in   every   commercial'  trans- 
action. 

If  nothing  more  than  this  were  done.  Dentistry  would  hardly  rise 
above  the  level  of  the  numerous  trades  and  callings  of  life  But  it  has 
gained  an  honorable  position  in  the  profession  of  medicine  aiid  surgery, 
by  the  aid  of  those  illustrious  men  who  have  devoted  energy,  industry, 
and  perseverance  to  its  development  as  a  science. 

It  should  be  our  aim  and  ambition:  then,  to  perfect  the  possession 
of  that  inheritance  which  the  genius,  the  philanthrophy  and  the  devoted 
-Industry  of  others  have  accumulated,  and  not  content  ourselves  with 
merely  performing  a  piece  of  aristic  workmanship. 

It  should  be  a  special  object  of  the  members  of  this  society  to  still 
further  augment  the  sphere  of  its  usefulness,  and  by  acquiring  an 
intimate  knowledge  of  physical  and  biological  science  which  truly  be- 
longs to  the  domain  of  odontologic  art. 

13 


It  is  the  study  and  application  of  the  laws  and  principles  that  gov- 
ern matter,  and  the  influences  they  exert  upon  the  vital  organism,  that 
marks  the  advancement  of  medicine  as  a  science,  and  which  equally 
pertains  to  the  department  of  Dentistry,  a  distinctive  branch  of  the 
profession.  If  we  begin  to  study  the  phenomena  and  laws  of  life  in 
man,  we  shall  soon  be  irresistibly  attracted  to  extend  our  observations 
to  the  successive  orders  of  creation,  and  so  on  down  to  the  lowest  type 
of  animated  matter.  As  we  advance  in  this  study,  the  beauty,  harmony 
and  correlation  of  organic  and  inorganic  forces  open  up  to  our  vision. 
We  see  the  adaptation  of  those  mysterious  principles  in  the  vegetable 
and  mineral  kingdoms  so  potent  in  the  consulting  room  and  laboratory, 
and  the  knowledge  of  each  plant  or  mineral  becomes  more  perfectly 
understood  by  the  multiplying  beams  of  intelligence  reflected  at  every 
step. 

As  lovers  of  our  art,  then,  let  it  be  our  chief  pleasure  to  elevate 
it,  year  by  year,  until  it  shall  have  occupied  a  position  prominent  among 
the  most  dignified  specialties  in  the  medical  profession.  This  is  to 
be  effected,  not  merely  by  the  aid  of  mechanical  skill  in  remedying 
deformity  and  relieving  suffering,  but  in  applying  the  principles  ot 
biology  and  physical  science  to  the  prevention  of  disease,  preserva- 
tion of  the  teeth,  rather  than  their  destruction  by  mechanical  agents. 

Our  object  should  be  to  comprehend  the  effort  that  nature  is  mak- 
ing in  combatting  the  adverse  influences  under  w-hich  she  is  laboring. 
Let  us  seek  to  aid  her  in  the  conflict,  observing  and  following  her 
laws,  that  we  may  minister  to  her  short-comings.  If  we  deviate  from 
this  path;  if,  losing  sight  of  the  beacon  of  observation,  we  chase  the 
ignis  fatuus  of  speculation,  we  shall  just  so  surely  riiss  our  aim  to 
benefit  our  patient.  He  who  would  minister  to  nature  must  learn  to 
interpret  her.  It  is  by  the  exercise  of  this  prerogative  that  the  edu- 
cated and  accomplished  dentist  excels  the  mere  mechanic,  whose  chief 
merit  consists  not  in  preserving  the  teeth,  but  in  making  close  imita- 
tions. 

Besides  the  channels  of  investigation  just  pointed  out,  the  suc- 
cessful practitioner  of  Dentistry  is  required  not  only  to  understand  the 
anatomical  construction  of  the  teeth,  and  whatever  pertains  to  their 
growth,  position  and  relation  to  other  parts  of  the  mouth,  but  he  should 
continue  his  research  into  what  constitutes  the  domain  of  physiology — 
a  research  which  carries  its  investigations  in  quest  of  analogies  and 
illustrations  into  the  widest  latitudes  of  the  animal  and  vegetable 
kingdom,  as  well  as  into  the  most  minute  inspection  of  the  structures, 
the  functions,  and  the  attributes  of  their  several  productions. 

In  the  practice  of  dental  surgery  a  profound  knowledge  of  the 
anatomy  of  all  parts  contained  within  the  buccal  cavity  Is  absolutely 
necessary  to  success.  Anatomy  is  also  the  foundation  of  the  diagnosis 
of  diseases  that  fall  under  the  observation  and  treatment  of  the  dentist. 

14 


It  demonstrates  the  normal  condition  of  .structures  in  healtti,  and  sup- 
plies the  means  of  comparison  in  the  study  of  dental  pathology.  Neither 
anatomy,  nor  any  power  of  ocular  investigation,  however  accurately  it 
may  be  conducted,  can  enable  the  dentist  to  obtain  a  correct  knowledge 
of  the  constituent  formations  of  the  teeth  and  modifications  they  un- 
dergo in  their  alveoli.  These  things  must  be  learned  through  the  aid 
of  a  microscope,  and  this  adds  another  auxiliary  branch  of  investigation, 
to  the  perfection  of  Dentistry  as  a  science. 

The  art  of  Dentistry,  then,  comprehends  a  perfect  knowledge  of 
anatomy,  physiology,  pathology,  the  continual  use  of  the  microscope, 
and  an  understanding  of  the  laws  and  principles  that  pertain  to  biolog- 
ical and  physical  science.  Let  each  one  of  us  learn  as  much  of  them 
as  we  can,  always  bearing  in  mind  the  great  object  for  which  they  are 
studied,  and  never  neglecting  the  purpose  to  which  they  are  to  be  ap- 
plied. We  should  remember  that  Dentistry,  as  a  science,  was  founded 
and  raised  upon  the  natural  sciences.  All  that  is  beyond  a  mere  em- 
pirical art,  it  owes  to  its  dependence  upon,  and  its  association  with 
these.  It  w^ould  be  difficult  to  find  any  one  in  our  ranks  who  has  at- 
tained great  eminence  in  the  dental  art,  or  who,  by  his  writings  and 
precepts,  has  advanced  our  knowledge  in  the  treatment  of  diseased 
teeth,  or  other  parts  within  the  mouth,  who  did  not  lay  the  foundation 
of  his  successes  in  the  distinction  which  he  earned  by  his  researches 
in  the  natural  sciences. 

We  have  met  here  to-day  to  furnish  our  quota  towards  the  ad- 
vancement of  our  profession,  and  its  elevation  among  tiie  liberal  and 
learned  professions.  It  is  the  animus  that  stimulates  our  energies,  and 
the  energies  of  all  those  who  truly  love  their  calling.  We  come  here 
to  labor  for  its  continued  prosperity,  and  to  communicate  whatever  of 
interest  we  may  have  learned  since  the  last  session  of  this  society. 
We  come  here  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  progress,  and  to  lay  before 
our  professional  brethren  our  views  and  observations  on  those  sub- 
jects most  calculated  to  improve  and  instruct  them,  and  benefit  our 
patrons.  Let  all  participate  in  the  deliberations  of  the  session  and 
whatever  of  surgical  or  mechanical  interest  may  have  been  learned 
during  the  past  year,  let  it  be  given  to  the  society,  for  the  honor  of 
the  profession  and  for  the  benefit  of  suffering  humanity.  If  any  im- 
provement in  mechanical  Dentistry  has  been  made  or  new  operations 
devised,  let  the  inventor  be  induced  to  spread  it  upon  the  records  of  the 
society  and  receive  the  meed  of  praise  due  him  in  contributing  his  share 
towards  the  elevation  of  his  chosen  profession.  The  selfish  and  em- 
pirical fashion  of  secreting  improvements,  of  whatever  nature  pertain- 
ing to  our  calling,  for  the  sake  of  individual  aggrandizement  is  un- 
worthy the  fellowship  of  honorable  men,  and  must,  sooner  or  later, 
recoil  in  shame  and  odium  upon  its  author.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  such 
members  of  our  .-ociety  are,  like  "angels'  visits,  few  and  far  between." 

IS 


Let  me  invoke  the  profession  in  Missouri  to  enter  their  protest  against 
acts  so  derogatory  to  our  high  calling  as  benefactors  of  the  human  fam- 
ily, and  let  me  impress  upon  them  the  necessity  of  instructing  their 
delegates  to  the  National  Convention  to  guard  well  the  portals  of  the 
profession  and  shut  out  such  harpies  from  all  deliberation  and  asso- 
ciation in  such  assemblage. 

Finally,  gentlemen,  let  me  call  your  attention  to  the  importance 
of  aiding,  with  your  money  and  influence,  our  only  educational  insti- 
tution in  the  West.  I  refer  to  the  Ohio  Dental  College,  which  is  doing 
a  good  work  in  extending  the  usefulness  of  the  profession  and  ad- 
vancing its  importance  in  the  social  scale. 

In  conclusion,  permit  me  to  thank  you  for  the  honor  conferred 
upon  me,  in  selecting  me  as  your  presiding  officer  for  the  past  year, 
and  the  zeal  and  interest  you  have  manifested  in  making  our  science 
"pure  and  spotless  in  the  world." 


16 


FOUNDERS. 


> 


^ 


JOHN  SKIXNER  Cl.ARK,   M.   D  :    D.   D.  S. 

John  Skinner  Clark,  son  of  ."\I0se3  and  Melicent  Clark,  was  born 
on  a  farm  three  miles  from  Brooklyn,  Connecticut.  His  early  educa- 
tion was  obtained  at  the  district  school.  As  he  grew  to  manhood,  dis- 
liking farm  life,  he  taught  school  during  the  summer  months  to  defray 
his  expenses  at  a  neighboring  academy  during  the  winters.  After  com- 
pleting his  college  course,  he  located  at  Norwich,  Connecticut,  where 
he  became  a  clerk  in  the  hat  and  fur  store  of  his  brother-in-law,  Mr. 
Samuel  Nourse,  and  married  Miss  Caroline  Klinne,  March  1,  1837.  Im- 
mediately following  their  marriage  they  started  West,  locating  at  Alton, 
111.,  in  183S,  where  he  also  was  associated  with  Mr.  Nourse  in  business. 
During  his  residence  at  Alton,  he  formed  the  friendship  of  Elijah  Parish 
Lovejoy.  the  Abolition  editor,  and  was  one  of  his  main  supporters  the 
night  Lovejoy  was  killed  by  the  mob.  Immediately  after  this  incident, 
in  1840,  he  removed  to  St.  Louis  and  began  the  practice  of  dentistry. 
Who  gave  him  his  early  instruction  is  uncertain;  he  seemed  to  have 
a  natural  bent  for  the  calling  and  "made  a  dentist  of  himself." 

Desiring  more  scientific  knowledge,  he  attended  a  course  of  lec- 
tures at  McDowell's  Medical  College  and  from  that  institution  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  It  was  a  question  with  him  for  a 
time  whether  to  give  up  Dentistry  and  become  a  physician,  but  he  al- 
ways felt  that  Dentistry  should  and  could  be  raised  to  an  equal  footing 
•with  the  medical  fraternity  in  the  eyes  of  the  world,  and  this  was  his 
ambition.  He  was  a  natural  surgeon  and  in  his  medical  studies  made 
a  specialty  of  the  mouth  and  teeth. 

Possessing  remarkable  skill  and  genius,  he  soon  ranked  among 
the  first  operators  of  the  time.  By  invitation  of  the  faculty  of  the  St. 
Louis  Medical  College,  he  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  Dentistry 
to  the  medical  students  of  that  institution.     He  was  a  close  friend  of 

18 


the  famous  surgeon,  Dr.  Charles  A.  Pope,  and  often  assisted  him  in 
difficult  operations.  He  soon  became  recognized  as  a  progressive 
thinker  and  able  teacher,  and  in  consideration  of  his  attainments  the 
Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  in  1852. 

August,  1853,  he  joined  the  American  Society  of  Dental  Surgeons 
and  soon  became  prominent  in  it  as  an  able  speaker  and  debator.  He 
presented  to  the  society  several  practical  suggestions  along  advanced 
lines;  amongst  them,  in  1858,  he  advocated  the  necessity  of  root-filling, 
stating  that  he  used  barbed  broaches  in  removing  dead  pulps  and  for 
carrying  disinfecting  agents  into  pulp  canals,  thus  preparing  them  in 
so  thorough  a  manner  as  to  avoid  subsequent  inflammation  or  alveolar 
abscess.  This  he  followed  by  filling  the  roots  with  gold  foil  made  into 
cylinders,  a  method  taught  him  by  a  dentist  named  Badger. 

Dr.  Jas.  S.  Knapp  says  he  introduced  Dr.  John  S.  Clark  to  Dr.  F. 
H.  Badger,  an  excellent  operator  from  Columbia,  Tenn.,  during  the 
winter  of  1850-51,  and  the  two  held  a  long  and  interesting  conversation. 
Dr.  Badger  showed  Dr.  Clark  his  method  of  making  and  using  cylinders. 
After  folding  a  cut  portion  of  non-cohesive  gold  foil  consisting  of  four 
or  more  thicknesses  he  again  folded  the  strip  with  small  tweezers,  re- 
ducing the  length  of  the  short  strip,  and  by  manipulation  causing  its 
form  to  approach  rotundity.  Then  holding  the  same  in  the  palm  of  his 
left  hand  he  rolled  it  back  and  forth  until  it  was  nearly  as  hard  as 
gold  wire,  and  size  of  a  small  knitting  needle.  If  he  wanted  shorter 
cylinders  than  the  width  of  the  strip,  he  cut  them  off  the  roll  with 
strong  scissors.  Dr.  Badger  then  punched  a  hole  into  the  imperfect 
filling  or  plug,  wherever  its  want  of  density  would  permit,  and  drove 
into  it  two  or  more  small  cylinders. 

A  short  time  elapsed  when  Dr.  Clark  illustrated  to  Drs.  Badger, 
Fredrichs  and  Knapp  an  improvement  by  rolling  the  folded  strip  of 
gold  on  a  "cut-off"  watchmaker's  broach  near  its  handle,  furthermore, 
in  contemplation  of  making  the  entire  plug  of  gold  cylinders  of  pre- 
paring a  variety  of  the  latter,  some  large  and  soft  for  first  introduction, 
some  small  and  hard  and  some  more  or  less  tapering,  these  latter  to 
be  introduced  wherever  a  want  of  density  would  allow  a  hole  to  be 
punched  to  receive  it.  If  too  long,  they  could  be  filed  off  along  with 
other  portions  of  gold. 

Another  method  claimed  as  original  with  him  was  the  rolling  of 
strips  of  non-cohesive  gold  foil  on  a  broach,  forming  cylinders  which 
were  used  by  the  wedging  principle  of  cylinder  fillings,  so  as  to  make 
a  solid  and  impervious  filling,  air  tight  and  moisture  proof,  as  described 
by  him  in  the  Dental  News  Letter.  Vol.  IX,  October.  1856,  page  fi.  If 
not  the  first  who  made  use  of  this  method,  he  certainly  is  entitled  to 
the  credit  of  bringing  the  method  into  more  general  use.  and  carrying  it 
to  a  high  degree  of  perfection. 

19 


Dr.  John  S.  Clark  took  part  in  the  meeting  held  at  Philadelphia, 
August  2,  3  and  4,  1856,  at  which  was  organized  the  American  Dental 
Convention.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  which  reported  the  plan 
and  articles  of  association,  and  served  as  its  first  vice-president,  1855-6. 

It  was  at  this  meeting  that  he  made  known  his  method  of  using 
gold  for  filling  teeth.  Rolling  a  strip  of  gold  a  little  wider  than  the 
cavity  was  deep,  upon  a  broach,  he  formed  cylinders  differing  in  size. 
While  this  method  was  not  entirely  original  with  him,  being  announced 
at  a  time  when  Dr.  Arthur's  method  of  using  gold  cohesively  was  at- 
tracting attention  and  when  the  profession  was  seeking  new  and  better 
methods,  its  suggestions  were  widely  adopted.  His  method  was  a  slight 
variation  of  the  very  old  "Barley-corn"  pellet  method,  and  its  main 
distinction  lay  in  making  the  cylinders  differ  in  size  and  hardness  to 
suit  the  position  they  were  to  occupy  in  the  cavity.  His  exposition  ot 
it  at  this  meeting  undoubtedly  led  many  operators  to  modify  their  for- 
mer methods,  and  by  so  doing  to  work  with  much  more  satisfaction  to 
themselves  and  to  their  patients.  It  would  be  a  revelation  to  many 
of  the  present  day,  to  see  an  operator  roll  up  a  cylinder  containing  one, 
two  or  three  sheets  of  gold  foil.  No.  5,  as  some  did  for  a  very  large 
cavity,  place  it  in  position,  pack  around  it  a  few  pellets,  condense,  bur- 
nish and  polish  until  it  became  as  if  it  had  been  melted  and  poured 
in,  all  this  within  not  more  than  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes;  and  per- 
haps much  more  of  a  revelation  to  see  the  same  filling  in  excellent 
order  twenty  years  later.  Nor  was  this  confined  to  cavities  with  four 
strong  walls.  Large  cavities  on  the  proximal  surface  of  incisors,  with 
frail  walls,  were  so  filled.  It  is  a  misnomer  to  call  these  fillings  soft 
gold  fillings,  or  to  speak  of  them  as  made  exclusively  with  non-cohesive 
gold.  To  an  expert,  whether  the  gold  was  cohesive  or  non-cohesive 
was  a  matter  of  but  little  moment.  He  worked  with  one  as  well  as 
with  the  other. 

Dr.  Clark  was  an  enthusiastic  society  worker.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society,  December  IG,  1856,  and 
elected  its  second  president  in  1857.  He  was  also  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  and  chairman  of  the 
meeting  of  organization,  October  31,  1865. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Dental  Association,  the  Mis- 
sissippi Valley  Society  of  Dental  Surgeons,  the  American  Dental  Con- 
vention, the  American  Dental  Association,  and  the  New  Orleans  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences. 

In  1849  he  had  a  severe  bronchial  attack  followed  by  hemorrhages. 
His  physicians  informed  him  his  only  hope  to  prolong  life  was  to  re- 
move to  a  southern  climate.  He  turned  his  St.  Ix)uis  practice  to  Dr. 
C.  H.  Spalding,  and  located  at  New  Orleans  in  the  fall  of  1849,  to  be 
followed  by  his  family  in  1850.  Fortune  favored  him,  aad  he  soon  ob- 
tained a  hicrative  practice  which  increased  rapidly  and  continued  un- 

20 


til  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War.  Previous  to  his  hjcating  in  Xew 
Orleans,  artificial  teeth,  t'olil  and  other  dental  material  were  only  ob- 
tainable at  a  jeweler's  establishment;  and  seeing  the  need  of  a  dental 
depot,  he  opened  one — the  first  in  New  Orleans.  In  1855  he  began  pub- 
lishing The  Dental  Obturator,  "A  quarterly  journal  devoted  to  the 
Science  and  Art  cf  Dentistry,"  of  which  he  was  proprietor,  editor  and 
publisher  for  two  years. 

It  was  mainly  through  his  untiring  efforts  that  the  New  Orleans 
Dental  College  was  organized  under  a  charter  dated  March  1,  18G1, 
Dr.  Clark  was  Dean  and  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice.  Associated 
with  him  in  this  enterprise  were  Drs.  James  S.  Knapp,  George  J.  Fred- 
richs,  A.  F.  McLain  and  W.  S.  Chandler.  Owing  to  the  turmoil  incident 
to  the  Civil  War,  the  college  was  not  a  success  either  from  an  educa- 
tional or  financial  standpoint,  and  ceased  to  exist  until  18G7,  when  un- 
der more  favorabl  ■  circumstances  Dr.  Clark's  co-laborers  were  more 
successful. 

Dr.  Clark  was  well  and  favorably  known  as  a  skilled  operator,  not 
only  in  America,  but  abroad.  Dr.  Thos.  W.  Evans,  of  Paris,  appreciat- 
ing his  ability,  solicited  him  to  become  his  associate,  assuring  him  a 
large  practice.  This  Dr.  Clark  was  compelled  to  decline  on  account 
of  ill  health.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  Dr.  Clark  retired  to 
his  summer  residence  at  Magnolia,  Miss.,  where  he  owned  a  hotel  and 
a  small  plantation.  Later,  owing  to  the  strenuous  times,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  abandon  his  home  and  with  his  family  become  refugees  in 
Columbus,  Ga.,  where  he  opened  an  office,  scon  having  all  the  work 
he  could  do.  Here  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he 
returned  to  New  Orleans,  broken  in  health  and  fortune,  only  to  remain 
a  short  while,  returning  to  his  old  home  in  St.  Louis  in  1865,  where 
he  resumed  practice  until  his  death  the  following  year.  In  1855,  while 
warming  some  wax  for  an  impression  in  his  laboratory  in  New  Or- 
leans, the  lamp  exploded,  igniting  his  clothing  and  severely  burning 
him.  This  accident  was  the  ultimate  cause  of  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred at  St.  Louis,  November  29,  1866.  He  was  buried  in  Bellefontaine 
Cemetery.  He  was  survived  by  three  daughters,  who  are  living  at 
this  date.  They  are:  Mrs.  M.  C.  Mason,  and  Mrs.  James  Boardman 
Cable,  Long  Beach,  Miss.'  and  Mrs.  John  W.  Chandler,  Oakland,  Cal. 
The  only  son  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Clark,  Arthur  Loring  Clark,  was  killed 
in  the  battel  of  Shiloh.  Dr.  Clark  was  the  preceptor  of  the  late  Dr. 
Geo.  F.  Fredrichs,  of  New-  Orleans,  who  writes  of  him:  "Personally 
he  was  a  handsome  man,  of  classic  features,  of  gay  and  cheerful 
temperament.  Open-hearted  and  benevolent,  his  hand  often  lightened 
his  pocket  to  relieve  human  suffering.  Many  a  stranded  dentist  found 
Clark  a  friend  in  need. 

"Though  fond  of  sport,  he  was  temperate  in  his  habits,  an  excellent 
shot  and   good   billiard   i)layer.     He   was   what  is   generally  termed   a 

21 


man  bom  a  genius,  could  turn  his  hand  to  write  a  stanza  in  a  lady's 
album,  a  song  for  a  public  school  celebration,  or  an  article  for  the 
morning  paper.  In  mechanics  he  was  just  as  apt,  and  proved  progres- 
sive in  his  profession,  ever  ready  to  aid  others  in  the  advancement 
of  its  science  and  art.  Such  a  word  as  secretness,  the  obliquity  ol 
the  profession  at  large  at  that  time,  found  no  resting  place  in  his 
mind.  Willingly  would  he  impart  all  he  knew  to  his  professional  con- 
freres.  and  thankfully  receive  any  new  idea  appertaining  to  dentistry." 


22 


ISAIAH  FORBES,  D.  D.  S. 

Isaiah  Forbes  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York,  March  25,  1810.  He 
was  the  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Ruth  Lymau  Forbes,  his  mother  being 
a  member  of  the  well-known  Lyman  family  of  Connecticut.  His  fa- 
ther was  an  architect.  Owing  to  business  reverses  he  was  able  to  give 
his  son  only  a  public  school  education. 

Young  Forbes  was  a  school  teacher  in  early  life.  In  1830  he  went 
to  New  York  City  and  was  engaged  in  clerical  work.  Soon  after  he 
went  to  Buffalo,  where  he  remained  two  3-ears,  he  then  began  the  study  of 
Dentistry  with  I)rs.  Ambler  and  Kingsbury,  3  Park  Place,  New  York  City, 
and  worked  so  assiduously  that  he  was  able  to  begin  practice  a  year  later. 

Dr.  Forbes  opened  a  neat  office  and  started  fairly  well  for  a  be- 
ginner. He  gathered  what  books  he  could  at  that  time  on  Dentistry, 
and  put  in  all  his  odd  moments  in  study.  Upon  being  called  away 
from  the  city  to  attend  the  funeral  of  his  sister,  he  left  a  friend  to 
care  for  his  practice.  During  Dr.  Forbes'  absence  this  friend  sold  out 
everything — instruments,  furniture,  etc. — and  absconded  with  the  pro- 
ceeds. The  loss  of  the  instruments  was  especially  exasperating  to 
Dr.  Forbes,  who,  being  left-handed,  had  made  to  order  many  for  his 
special  convenience.  Nothing  daunted.  Dr.  Forbes  began  anew  and 
again  secured  an  outfit. 

Exclusiveness  and  secrecy  prevailed  at  that  time  among  the  pro- 
fession, and  the  dental  student  was  indebted  as  much  to  his  ingenuity 
and  cleverness  as  to  the  advantage  afforded  by  his  instructors  for  the 
knowledge  gained  of  his  specialty. 

He  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1837;  the  pc)])ulation  was  then  eight  thousand. 
He  found  only  ten  practicing  dentists.  Among  them  Drs.  B.  B.  Brown 
and  Edward  Hale,  Sr.,  were  the  leading  men.  In  less  than  three  years 
the  ten   were  reduced,  from  want  of  patronage,  to  Drs.   Hale,  Brown, 

23 


and  Forbes,  who  remained  the  foremost  in  the  profession,  until  in 
1849  the  California  gold  fever  influenced  Dr.  Brown  to  depart  for  the 
Pacific  slope,  leaving  Drs.  Hale  and  Forbes  the  veteran  dentists. 

When  Dr.  Forbes  came  to  St.  Louis,  Second,  Street  was  the  fash- 
ionable thoroughfare,  and  on  this  street  he  established  his  first  office 
at  Second  and  Vine  Streets,  where,  from  the  first,  by  his  skill,  he  soon 
commanded  a  good  practice.  In  1849  he  gave  up  Dentistrj-  and  went 
into  the  milling  business  for  two  years.  Owung  to  business  reverses  he 
lost  all  he  owned,  and  .he  again  took  up  his  professional  work  and 
repaid  his  outstanding  obligations. 

Dr.  Forbes  was  one  of  the  sturdy,  progressive  kind  of  men,  who, 
by  perseverance  and  energy,  helped  advance  Dentistry  in  this  section 
of  the  West.  He  w-as  a  natural  bom  leader,  of  dignity  and  ability,  and 
was  identified  with  nearly  all  beneficent  and  progressive  efforts  of  the 
profession  for  a  period  of  forty-six  years. 

He  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  movement  for  the  organization 
of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society.  The  preliminary  meeting  was  held 
December  9,  1856,  when  a  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  and 
on  the  sixteenth  of  the  same  month  the  election  of  officers  was  held 
at  the  office  of  Drs.  S.  Dunham  and  E.  Hale,  Sr.  Dr.  Dunham  was 
elected  president  and  Dr.  Forbes  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee.  In  1867  Dr.  Forbes  was  elected  president  of  the  so- 
cietj-.  The  regular  meetings  were  held  at  the  offices  of  the  members, 
and  were  followed  by  a  supper. 

Dr.  Forbes  proved  an  enthusiastic  dental  society  worker.  He  at- 
tended the  second  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Dental  Convention, 
1856,  and  in   1858  was  elected  president  of  the  convention. 

In  1873  Dr.  Forbes  was  first  vice-president  of  the  American  Dental 
Association  at  St.  Louis,  October  31,  1865,  and  was  elected  correspond- 
ing secretary  at  its  second  annual  meeting,  1866,  and  treasurer  in  1867. 

In  the  organization  of  the  Missouri  Dental  College,  1866,  Dr.  Forbes 
was  actively  interested,  and  was  elected  the  first  president  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  a  position  he  held  for  fifteen  years.  He  was  Pro- 
fessor of  Surgical  and  Operative  Dentistry  from  1875  to  1877,  when  he 
became  Emeritus  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Dental  Science.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  from  the 
Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery  in  1850. 

In  185S  the  American  Dental  Review  (quarterly)  was  established 
by  the  A.  M.  Leslie  Dental  and  Surgical  Depot.  It  was  edited  by  Drs. 
C.  W.  Spalding,  Isaiah  Forbes,  and  H.  E.  Peebles.  This  journal  con- 
tinued until  1863. 

In  1SG3  the  Mi.'-souri  Dental  Journal  was  organized;  tlie  first  num- 
ber ai)peared  January,  1869.    Dr.  Forbes  was  one  of  its  founders. 

In  1838  Dr.  Forbes  constructed  along  original  lines  a  dental  chair 
whifli   showed   remarkable  inventive  ability.     He  was  an  expert  oper- 

24 


ator,  especially  excelling  in  the  inanipulatiui  of  non -cohesive  gold- 
foil,  and  invented  a  number  of  useful  oi)erating  instruments,  among 
them  the  Forbes  gouge,  uied  for  oi:ening  into  molar  pulp  chambers 
and  for  immediate  pulp  extirpation;  of  these  there  were  six  or  seven 
sizes;  a  set  of  plug  finishing  files,  which  were  used  universally  in  fin- 
ishing fillings;  a  separate  file  carrier,  and  also  a  tape  carrier  and 
polisher,  on  which  various  grits  for  polishing  fillings  were  placed, 
that  period  being  before  the  introduction  of  sandpaper  disks  and  strips. 

He  was  above  the  narrowness  and  secrecy  that  retarded  dental 
progress  at  that  period,  and  one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  first  in  St. 
Louis  to  tutor  students  in  his  office.  Among  his  students  were  Sol. 
Horine  and  Charles  Knower.  He  used  his  influence  to  promote  a  wide 
interchange  of  opinions  and  experience  between  dentists  of  different 
cities,  giving  the  younger  men  every  opportunity  to  profit  by  the  work 
and  progress  of  the  older  men. 

Dr.  Forbes  was  equally  as  active  in  secret  society  as  he  was  in 
dental  society  work.  He  stood  high  in  the  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows 
circles,  and  held  the  highest  subordinate  offices  in  both.  He  was  mas- 
ter of  Missouri  Lodge,  No.  1,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  1850. 

Dr.  Forbes  was  initiated  in  St.  Louis  Lodge,  No.  5,  I.  O.  O.  F..  in 
1841  or  1842,  was  admitted  to  Grand  Lodge  of  Missouri,  Apiil  24,  1844, 
elected  conductor  of  the  same  January  22,  1845,  and  was  made  grand 
representative  to  Grand  Lods.e  of  the  United  States  and  attended  the 
session  of  that  body  at  Baltimore  in  J 845.  He  was  elected  deputy 
grand  master  Missouri  Giand  Lodge,  January  28,  1846,  withdrew  from 
St.  Louis  Lodge,  No.  5,  to  assist  in  organizing  Excelsior  Lodge,  No.  IS, 
which  was  instituted  September  9.  184G.  He  was  first  Noble  Grand  of 
No.  18  and  afterwards  treasurer  of  the  lodge  for  a  number  of  years. 
He  retained  his  membershii)  till  the  day  of  his  death,  and  was  buried 
with  the  honors  of  the  order.  He  was  made  grand  master  of  Missouri, 
October  18,  1851,  having  on  previous  occasions  declined  the  honor  in 
favor  of  some  of  his  friends,  and  was  grand  patriarch  of  the  Encamp- 
ment Branch  of  Odd  Ft'llowship,  1849.  He  was  at  all  times  ready  to 
respond  to  any  demands  for  his  services  in  behalf  of  the  order,  and 
received  all  the  honors  the  order  could  give  him  in  the  State. 

In  public  and  civic  affairs  he  was  one  of  the  foremost  citizens  of 
St.  Louis.  At  one  time  he  was  nominated  for  mayor,  but  declined  the 
nomination.  He  was  always  interested  in  educational  work,  and  had 
some  experience  in  such  matters  in  the  public  school  systems  of  New 
York  State.  His  name  was  a  household  word  in  St.  Louis  School 
Board,  of  which  he  was  the  practical  founder.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  School  Board  for  fifteen  years,  and  it  was  largely  through  his 
influence  that  a  high  school  was  built.  Mr.  Carlos  Greely,  Mr.  George 
Partridge  and  Dr.  Forbes  were  appointed  a  committee  to  choose  the 
location  for  the  first  St.  Louis  high  school.     He  also  used  his  influence 

25 


while  a  director  of  the  School  Board  to  make  the  salaries  of  women 
teachers  more  in  proportion  to  those  paid  men.  He  was  president  of 
the  board  for  two  terms,  1854-55,  and  was  chairman  of  the  teachers' 
committee  all  the  years  he  served  except  when  he  was  president.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  St.  Louis  Academy  of  Science  and  the 
St.  Louis  Historical  Society,  and  a  member  of  the  Society  for  the  Ad- 
vance ment  of  Science.  Under  Mayor  MuUanphy's  administration  he 
served  on  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  personally  supervised  the  build- 
ing of  the  City  Hospital.  Dr.  Forbes  was  one  of  the  well-known  pub- 
lic spirited  citizens  of  St.  Louis,  having  friends  in  every  walk  of  life, 
and  for  years  dentist  to  a  number  of  Catholic  institutions  of  St.  Louis. 

He  was  a  great  reader,  thoroughly  posted  on  the  most  diverse 
subjects,  and  an  encyclopedia  of  general  knowledge.  Theoretically 
he  was  a  fine  musician,  possessing  a  good  baritone  voice,  and  sang 
for  years  in  the  Walnut  Street  Cathedral.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  a  guarantor  of  the  old  Philharmonic  Society,  which  was  the  prom- 
inent musical  organization  of  the  day. 

Dr.  Forbes  contributed  several  interesting  professional  papers. 
These  were  published  in  the  early  volumes  of  the  Missouri  Dental 
Journal  and  the  Dental  Register  of  the  West. 

He  was  married  February,  1847,  by  Bishop  Hawkes  to  Miss  Cor- 
nelia Staars,  of  Weston,  Missouri,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  old  New 
York  Knickerbocker  families.  She  died  February  16,  1891.  To  them 
were  born  six  children,  viz.:  Daisy,  Anna  (Mrs.  .J.  H.  Brookmire), 
Governeur  Morris,  John  B.,  Cora  B.,  and  Isaiah,  Jr. 

Dr.  Forbes  died  of  senility  July  15,  1885,  and  was  buried  in  Belle- 
fontaine  Cemetery.  Funeral  services  were  conducted  at  Dr.  Forbes's 
residence  by  his  old  friend.  Rev.  Trueman  Post,  and  the  Odd  Fellows 
services  at  the  grave  were  conducted  by  Dr.  Forbes's  former  associate, 
Dr.  George  A.  Bowman. 

His  hospitable  home  was  always  open  to  his  friends;  he  and  his 
loyal  wife  often  entertained  visiting  dentists.  He  was  devoted  to 
his  professional  work  and  for  many  years  firmly  upheld  the  honor 
ard  interests  of  St.  Louis  Dentistry,  keeping  in  touch  with  new  in- 
ventions and  new  methods.  He  greatly  aided  in  the  advancement  of 
the  profession  and  he  was  ever  willing  to  impart  and  equally  anxious 
to  receive  knowledge  as  a  student.  He  traveled  many  miles  attend- 
ing dental  meetings  and  was  the  recipient  of  high  honors  and  the 
rt  I'lesentative  man  in  St.  Louis  Dentistry  of  his  day.  In  1860-07  Dr. 
Forbes  made  a  tour  of  Europe,  visiting  the  principal  cities  and  form- 
ing the  acquaintance  of  the  loading  dontists  abroad  who  showed  him 
marked  attention. 

His  kindness  and  helpfulness  toward  the  young  men  in  tlie  pro- 
fession   was    proverbial.      He   was   respected    by    young   nnd    old.      His 

26 


honor   was  unimpeachable,  and   his  standing  as  a  typical   professional 
man  and  citlaen  of  the  old  school  \ver(>  of  the  highest  order. 
Of  him  may  be  truly  quoted: 

•'And  so  he  bore  without  abuse 
The  grand  old  name  of  Gentleman." 


27 


ANDREW  MACBETH  LESLIE,  D.  D.  S. 


Andrew  Macbeth  Leslie  was  born  in  1S15  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland. 
He  was  the  son  of  John  and  Margret  Scott  Leslie,  both  natives  of  the 
village  of  Stromnest,  Orkney  Islands.  Andrew  and  his  brother,  James 
Leslie  (who  died  February  9,  1905,  at  Cincinnati,  where  for  many  years 
he  was  prominent  as  a  dental  dealer  and  manufacturer  of  gold  foils), 
were  both  educated  in  Edinburgh,  where  their  parents  resided,  their 
father  being  a  straw  bonnet  maker  of  that  city.  In  1834  the  boys  came 
to  America  with  their  mother,  locating  in  New  York  City.  Soon  after 
Andrew  became  an  apprentice  of  Joseph  Haynes,  a  pioneer  gold  beater 
of  New  York  City,  and  began  working  at  this  trade  in  New  York  City 
to  support  the  familj',  his  father  having  died  in  his  youth.  Soon  after 
this  they  became  acquainted  with  the  Parmly  family,  who  were  all 
prominent  pioneer  dentists.  Dr.  Eleazer  Parmly  was  their  special 
friend  and  their  Sunday-School  teacher,  and  greatly  encouraged  them, 
not  only  by  using  their  gold  exclusively,  but  also  by  much  encouraging 
advice. 

In  1837  Andrew  began  business  on  his  own  account  in  New  York 
City,  and  taught  the  business  to  his  brother,  James.  In  1838  the  Les- 
lie boys  moved  to  Cincinnati  and  became  the  pioneer  gold  beaters  of 
the  entire  western  country,  their  foils  being  recognized  as  the  best 
obtainable,  and  very  "cohesive."  Prior  to  this  there  were  only  two 
standard  foils  on  the  market,  i.  e.,  the  product  of  Joseph  Haynes,  of 
New  York,  and  Marcus  Bull  of  Philadelphia.  James  Leslie  claimed  to 
be  the  first  to  discover  the  cohesive  i)roperties  of  gold  foil  in  1839. 
A  number  of  others,  however,  such  as  W.  H.  Dwinelle,  Amos  Westcott, 
and  Robert  Arthur,  also  made  similar  claims. 

However,  Andrew  M.  Leslie  says,  in  The  American  Journal  of 
Dental  Science,   Vol.  V.  page  239,  regarding  the  welding  properties  of 

28 


glod  foil,  "we  must  claim  to  having,  in  1854,  first  brought  before  the 
profession  the  fact  that  gold  in  a  cold  state  would  weld."  At  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Association  of  Dental  Sur- 
geons Dr.  James  Taylor  speaks  of  using  the  adhesive  foil  made  by 
James  Leslie  of  Cincinnati.  He  also  showed  a  finger  ring  made  by 
A.  M.  Leslie,  from  scraps  of  his  adhesive  foil,  without  melting  or 
soldering  the  same  together.  These  pieces  of  foil  were  held  together 
by  the  adhesive  property  alone  in  the  gold,  the  ring  having  been  con- 
stantly worn  for  one  year.  A.  M.  Leslie  also  alludes  to  his  brother  and 
himself  as  the  discoverer  of  the  adhesive  property  of  gold  foil,  in  a 
paper  entitled  "A  Report  of  Dental  Progress,"  published  in  The  Amer- 
ican Dental  Journal,  Vol.  V,  page  239,  1S55. 

In  1842  Andrew  entered  actively  into  the  study  of  Dentistry.  In 
1S45  Dr.  James  Taylor  and  his  associates  organized  the  Ohio  College 
of  Dental  Surgery  and  Andrew  matriculated  the  first  year  of  the  col- 
lege's existence,  from  which  institution  he  received  his  degree  of 
D.  D.  S.,  in  1847.  Andrew  Leslie  was  ever  an  earnest  student,  es- 
pecially so  during  his  college  course;  he  smuggled  a  skeleton  into  the 
garret  of  his  home  and  spent  his  evenings  in  assiduously  going  over 
his  anatomy  and  physiology.  After  he  graduated  he  immediately 
opened  an  office  in  Cincinnati,  where  he  had  a  reputation  as  a  skillful 
dentist.  Following  his  graduation  he  was  appointed  demonstrator  of 
mechanical  Dentistry  and  Metallurgy,  in  recognition  of  his  skill  and 
knowledge  in  that  subject.  He  held  this  appointment  until  1850,  when 
he  was  appointed  professor  of  Mechanical  Dentistry  and  Metallurgy. 

In  1853  after  he  had  been  practicing  for  twelve  years,  he  became 
subject  to  attacks  of  severe  headaches  so  that  he  had  to  give  up  prac- 
tice for  weeks,  and  he  decided  that  he  must  change  his  daily  toil  for 
something  more  active.  He  made  a  visit  to  St.  Louis  and  met  with 
a  genial  group  of  eminent  dentists.  They  were  freer  from  that  dis- 
trust and  those  small  suspicions  that  prevailed  so  much  among  dentists 
fifty  years  ago.  He  met  with  such  men  as  Forbes,  Spalding,  Clark, 
Peebles,  Judd,  Barron,  Morrison,  McKellops,  Comstock  and  Park.  They 
took  an  interest  in  him  and  bid  him  welcome  to  their  midst,  and  his 
desire  for  some  change  suggesting  to  him  to  come  to  St.  Louis  and 
open  a  dental  depot. 

He  finally  located  in  St.  Louis  in  1856,  where  he  established  the 
first  dental  depot  west  of  the  Mississippi  River;  it  was  called  the 
Mississippi  Valley  Dental  Depot,  and  was  the  predecessor  of  the  pres- 
ent St.  Louis  Dental  Manufacturing  Co.  Dr.  Leslie  was  instrumental 
in  materially  developing  and  advancing  Dentistry  in  that  section.  Al- 
though a  manufacturer  and  dealer,  he  lost  none  of  his  love  for  the  pro- 
fession or  his  sympathy  for  its  practitioners,  and  materially  aided  in 
elevating  and  educating  its  members.  He  w-as  a  man  of  active  and 
vigorous  mind  and  indomitable  energj-,  which  aided  him  materially  in 

29 


accomplishing  many  things  he  tried.  He  made  for  himself  a  reputa- 
tion as  organizer.  He  was  active  in  the  organization  of  the  St.  Louis 
Dental  Society  and  was  elected  its  first  secretary.  The  preliminary 
meeting  of  the  organization  was  held  December  11,  1856.  The  so- 
ciety met  the  first  Tuesday  in  each  month  at  79  Market  Street  (be- 
tween Third  and  Fourth  Streets),  over  Dr.  Leslie's  dental  depot,  where 
rooms  were  rented  and  furnished. 

At  those  early  meetings  they  had  the  diagram  of  a  jaw  with  the 
teeth  and  in  every  tooth  a  cavity  or  two;  and  each  member  was  re- 
quested to  demonstrate  just  how  he  would  fill  it.  To  record  their 
views  it  was  suggested  that  a  dental  journal  be  issued,  recording  their 
opinion  and  methods  of  operating. 

Dr.  Leslie  was  also  active  in  the  organization  of  the  Missouri 
State  Dental  Association,  Oct.  31,  1865,  and  was  elected  the  first  treas- 
urer of  the  association.  It  was  upon  Leslie's  motion  at  its  second 
meeting  that  a  committee  was  appointed  to  organize  a  dental  college 
from  which  eventually  resulted  the  organization  of  the  Missouri 
Dental  College,  organized  September  24,  1866.  At  this  meeting  Dr. 
Leslie  was  made  chairman  of  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Corn- 
stock,  Eames,  McCoy  and  Anderson,  appointed  to  take  in  considera- 
tion the  subject  of  dental  legislative  enactments  relative  to  the  pro- 
tection of  the  public  and  profession  against  quackery.  Besides  being 
active  in  the  St.  Louis  society  and  Missouri  State  Dental  Association, 
Dr.  Leslie,  before  his  coming  to  St.  Louis,  was  active  in  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Association  of  Dental  Surgeons,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 
organizers  in  1844.  He  was  the  third  vice-president  in  1848-50,  and 
he  was  recording  secretary  of  this  Association  in  1852-53-54-55.  Be- 
fore this  association  he  read  a  number  of  very  valuable  essays,  prin- 
cipally on  metallurgy,  mechanical  Dentistry  and  gold  foils  for  filling. 
He  had  a  thorough  experimental  knowledge  of  metals  and  was  one  of 
the  authorities  of  the  country  on  that  subject. 

When  in  practice  he  desired  if  possible  to  have  a  gold  plate  on 
which  he  could  use  pure  gold  as  a  solder,  instead  of  the  common 
article  then  and  still  used  on  gold  work.  To  do  this  he  alloyed  his 
plate  with  a  small  quantity  of  platinum,  thereby  increasing  the  melt- 
ing point  of  the  plate  above  that  of  pure  gold,  and  it  was  a  success, 
and  in  those  days  of  gold  plate  work  the  plates  were  much  cleaner 
in  the  mouth.  His  only  objection  was  that  the  plates  had  a  slight 
bluish  tinge.  He  invented  a  number  of  dental  instruments  of  value 
and  improved  a  number  then  in  use,  one  of  special  value,  the  Leslie 
wisdom   tooth   forcep. 

Prior  to  his  coming  to  St.  Louis  he  had  some  editorial  experience 
as  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  editing  committee  of  The  Dental 
Register  of  the  West,  succeeding  Dr.  B.  B.  Brown,  of  St.  Louis,  on 
that   committee.     This   journal    at    this    time    was    published    by   the 

30 


Mississippi  Valley  Association  of  Dental  Surgeons,  and  edited  by  Drs. 
Jonathan  Taft  and  George  Watt.  After  locating  in  St.  Louis  Dr.  Les- 
lie took  up(  II  himself  the  responsibility  of  publisher  and  editor  of 
The  American  Dental  Review,  issued  quarterly,  and  sent  forth  the 
first  number  February  7,  1858.  It  soon  had  a  reasonably  large  circu- 
lation. 

It  was  in.structive  to  the  profession  at  large  and  soon  became  pop- 
ular. It  was  replete  with  valuable  matter,  reviews  and  theories  that 
appeared  new,  being  one  of  the  first  to  honor  a  good  thing,  and  ex- 
posing all  shams.  Dr.  Leslie  loved  to  honor  any  man  that  gave  the 
profession  a  new  or  good  improvement. 

This  sense  of  justice  was  acute  in  this  phase  of  his  dental  ethics. 
His  paptrs  on  metallurgy  and  one  on  mechanical  Dentistry  under  the 
nom-de-plume  of  "Baron  Von  Hiem"  are  full  of  valuable  instruction 
even  for  twentieth  century  professional  teachers. 

Owing  to  the  trying  times  of  war  in  1860  he  gave  up  the  publication  of 
The  American  Dental  Review,  but  would  issue  a  paper  occasionally.  The 
Missouri  Dental  College,  chartered  September  16,  1866,  was  organized 
partly  through  the  active  efforts  of  Dr.  Leslie,  who  was  one  of  the  in- 
corporators to  whom  the  charter  was  granted.  He  was  a  member 
and  secretary  of  the  first  Board  of  Trustees,  and  one  of  the  most 
earnest  advocates  of  the  institution  in  its  infancy. 

Andrew^  M.  Leslie  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Andrews  of  New 
York,  May  17,  1838.  To  them  were  born  nine  children,  Mary  Scott 
(who  married  Dr.  Chas.  Knower,  a  dental  practitioner  of  St.  Louis), 
Andrew  M.  Leslie,  Edwin  Goldsmith  Leslie,  Arthur  .lames  Leslie,  and 
Ada  Byron  (now  Mrs.  William  Keating),  and  Katy,  and  three  who 
died  in  infancy.  A.  M.  Leslie  believed  he  had  a  mission  on  earth, 
that  of  doing  and  bettering  the  calling  he  spent  his  life  In  improving. 
He  was  quiet  in  his  disposition  and  taste,  charitable  to  an  extreme 
and  a  very  religious  man.  He  died  of  cholera  at  Memphis,  Tenn., 
where  he  had  gone  to  close  up  a  branch  of  his  dental  depot,  November 
30,  1865,  aged  50  years.  His  death  was  a  shock  to  his  friends  and 
family,  and  most  kindly  did  the  profession  meet  in  St.  Louis  express- 
ing their  deep  sorrow  on  the  death  of  their  "beloved  Leslie."  He  was 
buried  in  Spring  Grove  Cemetery,  Cincinnati. 


31 


HENRY  BARRON,  D.  D.  S. 
Henry  Barron  was  born  November  7,  1820,  in  Bladensburg,  Mary- 
land, and  died  January  12,  1883,  In  Webster  Groves,  Missouri.  He 
was  the  fourth  son  of  Zachariah  and  Annie  Ogle  (Miliken)  Barron. 
His  mother  was  a  great-gi-anddaughter  of  Samuel  Ogle,  a  colonial 
governor  of  Maryland  from  1732  to  1743  and  from  1747  until  his  death 
in  1751.  Samuel  Ogle's  sou,  Benjamin,  was  also  governor  of  Mary- 
land after  it  became  a  State  of  the  Union.  Dr.  Barron's  early  life 
was  spent  in  Maryland,  where  he  attended  a  private  subscription  col- 
lege. At  the  age  of  17  he  came  West  with  his  parents  and  located 
in  St.  Louis  County,  near  the  present  town  of  Clayton.  He  attended 
Marion  College,  at  Palmyra,  Missouri.  Completing  his  academic  edu- 
cation, he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  in  St.  Louis  County.  At 
the  age  of  23  he  went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  engaged  in 
commercial  business,  and  later  studied  Dentistry,  scon  after  he  re- 
turned to  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  married,  June  15,  1S47,  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Sarah  ilcCutchen.  They  went  to  Washington,  where  Dr.  Barron 
practiced  for  two  years,  when  he  removed  to  St.  Louis  and  practiced 
until  his  death,  and  was  an  active  worker  in  the  St.  Louis  Dental  So- 
ciety, of  which  he  was  president  in  1SG4,  and  equally  active  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  of  which  he  was 
a  charter  member.  He  was  second  vice-i)resident  at  the  fourth  an- 
nual meeting.  He  was  president  of  the  Western  Dental  Association 
in  ISCO-Cl.  During  the  Civil  War  he  was  a  strong  Southern  sym- 
pathizer and  did  not  hesitate  to  give  expression  to  his  sentiments.  He 
was  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  but  his  feelings  were  in 
conflict  with  those  of  the  pastor,  Rev.  James  Page,  at  whose  instance 
Dr.  Barron  and  other  prominent  citizens  were  placed  under  arrest. 
Nothing  serious  came  of  this,  however.  Dr.  Barron  was  raised  in  the 
WTiig  school  of  politics,  but  later  became  a  stanch  De.aiocrat.  He 
had  a  large  practice,  and  was  a  man  of  much  magnetism  and  very 
popular  with  his  patients  and  the  profession. 

32 


ELEAZER  HOVEY. 

Eleazer  Hovey  was  born  in  Trenton,  Oneida  County,  New  York, 
September  23,  iS16.  He  was  the  son  of  Eleazer  and  Sybyl  (Coburn) 
Hovey.  They  moved  to  Indiana  in  1S20,  where  his  father  died.  In 
1826  his  mother  moved  to  the  northeastern  portion  of  Ohio.  Dr.  Hovey 
received  his  education  at  the  common  school.  He  went  to  Texas 
County,  ^Missouri,  in  1840,  and  worked  at  the  millwright's  trade  for  ten 
years.  He  studied  dentistry  with  Dr.  J.  A.  Nattrass,  of  Springfield, 
Missouri,  and  afterwards  studied  medicine,  and  practiced  them  in  con- 
junction at  Buffalo,  Dallas  County,  Missouri.  He  soon  abandoned 
medicine  and  made  Dentistry  his  specialty.  He  went  back  to  Ohio 
and  remained  a  few  months  in  1850,  but  soon  returned  to  Missouri, 
and  entered  into  partnership  with  his  old  preceptor.  Dr.  Nattrass,  at 
Buffalo,  Missouri.  He  practiced  until  the  war  commenced  and  was 
elected  lieutenant  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  Home  Guards  raised  in 
Dallas  County.  He  went  to  Springfield  in  1SG2,  and  his  family  fol- 
lowed in  ISGo.  He  was  a  charter  member  and  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  and  much  in  evidence  in 
the  discussion  of  all  subjects  presented  at  the  first  meeting  of  the 
association  in  1865,  and  one  of  its  first  appointed  delegates  to  the 
American  Dental  Association.  The  doctor  was  well  posted  in  his 
profession,  and  was  at  one  time  offered  a  chair  in  the  Missouri  Dental 
College.  He  practiced  his  profession  in  Springfield  until  the  war 
closed,  then,  on  account  of  failing  health,  he  sold  out  to  his  partner, 
Dr.  Nattrass,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Dallas  County.  He  lived 
there  for  fourteen  years,  and  went  back  to  Springfield  in  1880.  He 
married  the  first  time  in  1836  in  Ohio  to  ]Miss  Evelina  Abell.  They 
had  two  children,  Mrs.  Julia  A.  H.  Colby  and  Mrs.  Ellen  A.  Lewey. 
His  first  wife  died  on  a  steamboat  at  Louisville,  on  their  way  back 
to  Ohio,  and  was  buried  at  that  city.  In  1848  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Caroline  E.  Penniman,  of  Ohio.  By  her  he  had  three 
children,  viz.:  Eva  Celestia  Roundtree,  Romeo  Hamlet  and  Charles 
Eugene.     He  died  April  19,  1898,  at  his  home  at  Springfield,  Mo. 

33 


ISAAC  COMSTOCK,  D.  D.  S. 

Isaac  Comstock  was  born  in  1813,  in  Wasliington  County,  New  Yorlt. 
He  came  to  St.  Louis  and  studied  Dentistry  with  Dr.  S.  Dunham,  who 
was  a  pioneer  St.  Louis  dentist.  He  received  the  D.  D.  S.  degree  from 
the  Missouri  Dental  College  at  its  first  commencement  exercises,  1867. 
Dr.  Comstock  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Missouri  State 
Dental  Association  and  a  member  of  the  committee  that  drafted  the 
first  constitution  and  by-laws,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  dis- 
cussions at  the  early  meetings. 

Dr.  Comstock  was  president  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society  in 
1863.  He  was  a  very  modest  man,  of  a.  retiring  disposition,  and  al- 
though an  active  attendant  at  the  local  and  State  meetings,  in  early 
days,  did  not  take  a  prominent  part.  He  was  a  skillful  operator  of 
an  ingenious  turn,  and  invented  what  is  believed  the  first  rubber-dam 
clamp,  which  is,  although  a  very  cumbersome  pattern  compared  with 
those  now  in  use,  a  very  ingenious  one.  Two  of  the  originals  are  now 
in  St.  Louis,  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  Bowman  and  Dr.  Fuller. 

Dr.  Comstock  died  November  27,  1876.  He  left  a  wife  and  one 
-child. 


34 


HEZEKIAH  ELLIS  DEPP. 

Hezekiah  Ellis  Depp,  son  rf  John  and  Mary  Depp,  was  born  Sep- 
tember 11,  1S29,  at  Glasgow,  Barren  County,  Kentucky.  His  father  was 
a  wholesale  merchant.  Dr.  Depp  received  his  early  education  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  became  interested  in  Dentistry  through  association  with 
a  Dr.  Blanchard,  of  Boston,  who  married  his  oldest  sister.  In  March, 
1859,  he  began  the  study  cf  his  profession  with  Dr.  H.  E.  Peebles,  at 
the  southeast  corner  of  Eighth  and  Olive  Streets,  St.  Louis.  He  was 
present  at  the  meeting  of  organization,  was  a  member  of  the  first  com- 
mittee on  constitution  and  by-laws  of  this  association,  and  first  vice- 
president  at  the  fifth  annual  meeting.  He  was  active  in  promoting 
the  Missouri  Dental  Journal.  He  practiced  at  St.  Louis,  Clinton,  War- 
rensburg  and  Sedalia,  dying  at  the  latter  city.  He  was  gifted  with  a 
superior  talent,  and  invented  numerous  fuel-saving  devices  for  steam 
and  air  engines.  He  was  married  on  October  28,  1852,  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Sweeney,  of  Danville,  Kentucky.  The  children  by  this  marriage 
were  Olivia  May  (now  Mrs.  J.  E.  Ritchey,  of  Sedalia),  Walter  Chap- 
man (deceased),  Leon  Oglesby,  of  Hosington,  Kan.,  and  John  Depp, 
of  St.  Louis.  His  second  marriage  was  to  Miss  Margaret  L.  Stephens, 
of  Booneville,  Mo.,  on  October  11,  18C6.     They  had  no  children. 


35 


PROMINENT  MEMBERS 


GREEN  VARDIMAN  BLACK,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  Sc.  D.,  LL.  D. 


A  banquet  given  Januarj'  15,  1907,  by  the  St.  Louis  Society  of 
Dental  Science,  in  honor  of  Dr.  Black,  was  the  expression  of  the  es- 
teem and  appreciation  this  society  has  for  a  man  whose  long  and  use- 
ful career  has  been  devoted  to  Dentistry.  The  profession  throughout 
the  world  hold  Dr.  Black  in  the  highest  esteem,  and  are  his  debtors 
for  his  many  scientiiic  contributions.  Yet  few  know  much  of  the  per- 
sonal side  of  his  busy  life.  This  sketch  is  prepared  with  the  object 
of  enlightening  the  profession  as  to  "the  other  side"  of  the  life  of  one 
of  our  greatest  benefactors. 

Green  Vardiman  Black  was  born  near  Winchester,  Scott  County, 
Illinois,  August  3,  18oG,  the  son  of  William  and  Mary  S.  (Vaughn) 
Black,  grandson  of  Thomas  Gillespie  Black,  and  a  great-grandson  of 
Captain  William  Black.  The  last  named  ancestor  was  a  captain  of 
the  militia  in  North  Carolina  just  before  the  Mecklenburg  Rebellion, 
and  one  of  the  first  officers  who  refused  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  British  Crown.  Capt.  William  Black,  who  married  a  Miss  Beard, 
lived  in  Rockingham  County,  North  Carolina,  and  died  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Revolutionary  War.  His  son,  T.  G.  Black,  married  Polly 
Callahan,  was  born  in  Milledgeville,  Georgia,  January,  1772,  and  died 
at  Milledgeville,  November  20,  1823.  He  served  as  captain  under  Gen- 
eral Jackson  in  the  Seminole  War.  His  son,  William,  was  born  in 
Milledgeville,  January  13,  179(j.  In  1825  he  went  to  Tennessee  and 
there  married  Mary  S.  Vaughn,  whence  they  moved  to  Scott  County, 
Illinois,  about  1834.  He  was  a  cabinet  maker  by  trade  and  also  fol- 
lowed farming.  He  moved  from  Scott  County  to  what  is  now  Cass 
County,  Illinois,  about  1844,  settling  on  a  farm  seven  miles  southeast 
of  Virginia,  Illinois,  where  four  of  his  sons  resided.  He  and  his  wife 
are  buried  in  the  family  burying  ground  in  Cass  County. 

37 


G.  V.  Black  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  had  a  very  limited  coun- 
try schooling,  attending  school  a  few  months  of  several  winters.  He 
was,  however,  an  apt  student  and  tireless  reader,  and  developed  his 
own  mind  largely  in  the  school  of  Nature.  Dr.  Black  beautifully  de- 
scribed his  early  boyhood,  at  the  banquet  given  in  his  honor  in  St.  Louis, 
in  the  following  words  : 

"My  thoughts  recur  to-night  to  the  boy  as  I  remember  him  fifty- 
three  years  ago  in  the  old  home,  very  slight  and  frail  in  health,  so 
much  so  that  he  was  not  expected  to  do  the  usual  work  of  boys  of 
his  ago.  He  roamed  the  prairies  and  the  forests  adjoining  each  other 
at  his  home,  often  with  the  rifle,  oftener  without  it,  and  came  rapidly 
to  know  every  bird  and  every  animal  of  the  region,  how  they  built 
their  nests,  how  they  fed,  how  the  lived  and  their  apparent  relations 
to  each  other.  It  was  a  world  of  the  richest  interest,  teeming  with 
life  in  its  varied  forms  and  filled  with  the  varied  struggles  for  con- 
tinued existence.  Those  who  watched  could  not  understand  why  the 
boy  should  examine  all  of  these  things  so  intently;  neither  could  he 
explain  further  than  to  say  that  he  loved  these  birds,  these  animals, 
these  prairies  and  the  deep  woods.  Little  did  the  boy  think  then  of 
the  part  he  should  play  in  the  world  of  science  and  in  Dentistry.  Al- 
most as  unconscious  of  any  special  merit  or  aptness  as  when  he  ex- 
amined the  birds  and  the  animals,  yes,  and  the  reptiles,  too,  so  many 
years  ago,  the  man  has  since  followed  the  work  beg«n  in  the  frontier 
settlement." 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  made  his  home  at  Clayton,  Illinois, 
with  his  brother.  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Black,  who  was  a  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  Civil  War  and  twice  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature.  With 
him  G.  V.  Black  read  medicine,  and  during  that  time  for  a  while  acted 
as  postmaster.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began  the  study  of 
Dentistry  at  Mount  Sterling,  Illinois,  with  Dr.  J.  C.  Spear,  and  after 
one  year  established,  in  1857,  a  dental  office  at  Winchester,  Scott 
County,  where  he  remained  until  1862,  studying  constantly  in  the 
meantime,  until  he  entered  the  army  as  a  private.  During  the  Civil 
War,  Dr.  Black  served  as  a  sergeant,  but  was  engaged  most  of  his 
time  on  special  scouting  duty.  He  was  injured  in  the  knee  joint  and 
spent  six  months  in  the  hospital  in  Louisville,  Kentucky.  Returning 
home  he  came  to  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  and  opened  a  dental  office 
there  in  1864  where  he  continued  until  1897.  At  first  he  applied  him- 
self to  the  study  of  chemistry,  establishing  a  complete  working  labor- 
atory in  connection  with  his  office.  He  organized  a  class  in  chemistry 
among  the  public  school  teachers,  which  he  taught  several  years,  also 
taking  a  prominent  part  in  the  medical  organizations  of  the  city  and 
country.  He  has  become  widely  known  as  an  author  and  lecturer  on 
scientific  topics  pertaining  to  his  profession.  His  writings  have  been 
translated    into   many   languages   and   are    standard    authority   on   the 

38 


subjects  they  (lisci..-;s.  His  coiitiibiuions  to  books  are,  ■'Forniatiun  of 
Poisons  by  Micro-organisms"  (1884),  "Periosteum  and  Peridental  Mem- 
brane" (1887),  Litch's  American  System  of  Dentistry,"  Chapters  on 
"General  Pathology,"  "Pathology  of  the  Dental  Pulp,"  "Diseases  of  the 
Peridental  Membrane,"  "Abrasion  and  Erosion  of  the  Teeth"  (1SS7), 
"Anatomy  of  the  Human  Teeth"  (1891),  "Operative  Dentistry"  and 
"Technical  Procedures  in  Filling  Teeth"  (published  for  several  years 
for  school  classes,  now  prepared  as  a  rej^ular  text-book.  1908); 
"Gold  Foil"  (Illinois  State  Dental  Society,  1869),  "Gold  Foil"  (New 
York  Odontological  Society,  1874),  "Management  of  Enamel  Margins" 
(Dental  Cosmos,  1891),  "Report  of  Chairman  of  Committee  on  Dental 
Nomenclature,  World's  Columbian  Dental  Congress,"  Chicago  (1893), 
"An  Investigation  of  the  Physical  Characters  of  the  Human  Teeth  in 
Relation  to  Their  Diseases  and  to  Practical  Dental  Operations,  to- 
gether with  the  Physical  Characters  of  Filling  Materials"  (Dental 
Cosmos,  1895),  "Atrophy  of  the  Teeth"  (Chicago  Odontograp.iical  So- 
ciety, 1905). 

A  prominent  feature  of  his  writings  are  the  numerous  original  draw- 
ings made  by  the  author  himself.  He  has  not  only  been  a  writer 
and  teacher,  but  has  always  been  a  practical  worker  and  an  inventor. 
He  has  the  distinction  of  having  invented  about  1870  and  patented  the 
first  cord-driven-transmission  dental  engine,  described  and  illustrated 
in  the  Dental  Cosmos,  1905.  The  patent  of  this  was  sold  to  the  S.  S. 
White  Dental  Mfg.  Co.  The  present  plans  of  scientific  cavity  prepara- 
tion in  teeth  and  the  methods  "of  correctly  inserting  and  making  both 
gold  and  amalgam  fillings  are  largely  due  to  Dr.  Black's  investigations. 
He  has  been  pre-eminently  an  original  worker. 

Some  of  his  inventions  that  have  made  operative  Dentistry  scientific 
are  as  follows: 

An  Amalgam  Micrometer  for  measuring  shrinkage  and  expansion 
of  plastic  filling  materials. 

A  Combination  Dynamometer  and  Micrometer  for  determining  the 
strength  and  amount  of  yielding  of  substances  under  pressure  and  the 
flow  of  amalgam. 

The  Phago-dynamometer  for  measuring  the  crushing  strength  re- 
quired for  various  fillings. 

The  Gnatho-dynamometer  for  measuring  the  force  of  the  bite. 

The  Manu-dynaniometer  for  testing  finger  power  in  the  use  of 
instruments. 

The  Tupto-dynamometer  for  measuring  the  force  exerted  by  blows 
of  pluggcrs. 

From  1870  to  1880,  Dr.  Black  lectured  on  Pathology,  both  general 
and  dental,  in  the  Missouri  Dental  College  at  St.  Louis.  Subsequently, 
from  1SS3  to  1889.  he  was  professor  of  Dental  Pathology  in  the  Chicago 

39 


College  of  Dental  Sui-g;:ry.  After  this  he  was  identified  with  the 
Dental  Department  of  the  Tniversity  of  Iowa  for  one  year,  1S90,  as 
professor  of  Dental  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  from  which  he  was 
called  in  1891  to  the  Northwestern  University  Dental  School  as  pro- 
fessor of  Operative  Dentistry,  Dental  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  being 
afterward  made  dean  of  the  Dental  Department,  the  position  which 
he  now  occupies.  During  the  period  of  his  professional  labor,  he  has 
held  the  highest  offices  in  the  gift  of  the  dental  profession.  He  joined 
the  Missouri  State  Dertal  Association  at  its  second  meeting  in  St. 
Louis,  June  6,  186G.  This  was  his  first  dental  society  affiliation  and 
from  it  and  the  early  Missouri  dentists  he  got  much  of  his  early  in- 
spiration. He  has  been  a  member  cf  the  Illinois  State  Dental  Society 
since  18C8.  Was  voted  a  life  member  of  this  society  in  1867;  was 
president  1870-71.  To  this  society  he  has  contributed  many  papers.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  American  Dental  Association  for  many  years 
and  of  the  National  Dental  Association,  of  which  he  was  president  in 
190C-01.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Dental  Society,  of  the 
Odontorraphic  Society  of  Chicago  and  of  the  new  Chicago  Odonto- 
graphic  Society.  He  was  president  of  the  first  State  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners  of  Illinois  in  1881.  Was  elected  a  member  of  the  Odonto- 
grarhic  Society  of  Pennsylvania  in  1887.  Wag  elected  corresponding 
member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  in  1877. 
Elected  honorary  member  of  the  Microscopical  Society  of  Central  Illi- 
nois, ISSl.  Elected  corresponding  member  First  District  Dental  Society 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  1886.  Chairman  of  the  section  on  "Etiology, 
Pathology  and  Bacteriology,"  World's  Columbian  Dental  Congress, 
Chicago,  1893.  Was  presented  with  the  first  fellowship  medal  by  the 
Dental  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1905.  Dr.  Black  is  also 
a  member  of  many  other  dental  and  medical  societies. 

For  ten  years  he  has  represented  the  Northwestern  University  in 
the  National  Association  of  Dental  Faculties,  of  which  he  has  been  pres- 
ident. He  has  frequently  been  invited  to  address  dental  organizations 
in  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  St.  Louis,  and  also  many  other 
city  and  State  dental  societies,  and  has  been  the  recipient  of  numerous 
other  honors  at  the  hands  of  his  professional  colleagues.  In  1877  the 
Missouri  Dental  College  conferred  the  honorary  degree  of  D.  D.  S.  upon 
him.  The  Chicago  Medical  College  conferred  the  honorary  degree  of 
M.  D.  upon  him  in  1884.  He  received  the  Sc.D.  degree  from  the  Illinois 
College  in  1892.  and  the  LL.  D.  degree  from  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
ver.sity    in    1898. 

Dr.  Black  is  one  of  the  simplest  of  men  in  his  personal  habits  and 
has  been  truly  and  entirely  given  up  to  professional  and  scientific  study. 
His  method  of  study  is  to  take  up  a  subject  find  pursue  it  to  a  con- 
clusion,  avoiding,  as  far  as  ])GSsible.   for  the  time,  other  subjects.     It 

40 


is  his  habit  to  become  thoroughly  imbued  and  .saturated  with  the  in- 
vestigation in  hand,  using  every  opportunity  to  talk  aljout  it  with  oth- 
ers, as  well  as  working  at  it  in  his  library  and  laboratory.  For  examide, 
his  early  equipment  of  a  chemical  laboratory.  He  organized  clas^ses 
in  chemistry  among  the  public  school  teachers  of  Jacksonville,  and 
except  when  occupied  at  the  chair,  continually  thought  and  talked 
chemistry  until  he  had  mastered  the  subject,  in  fact  the  underlying 
motive  of  his  teaching  was  to  perfect  his  own  knowledge.  This  fol- 
lowed closely  upon  a  period  devoted  almost  entirely  to  devising  the 
dental  engine  and  other  machinery,  and  during  that  period  he  equipped 
and  maintained  a  machine  shop,  and  thought  only  of  mechanics.  Later 
he  purchased  from  a  German  physician,  who  had  no  use  for  it,  one  of 
the  first  microscopes  which  was  brought  to  .Jacksonville,  and  for  a 
number  of  years  devoted  his  time  almost  exclusively  to  mlcrosopic 
study. 

These  studies  were  net  confined  to  dental  subjects  but  covered 
the  whole  range  of  histology  and  pathology,  a  subject  which  he  was 
first  inspired  to  master  while  a  resident  of  Clayton,  Illinois,  where  he 
assisted  the  village  physician  in  treating  a  typhoid  fever  epidemic 
which  resulted  in  thirty  deaths.  When  Dr.  Black  started  on  the  micro- 
scopic study  of  the  tissues  of  the  body  he  recognized  the  fact  that  in 
order  for  one  to  properly  interpret  the  sections  as  seen  through  the 
microscope  one  must  be  thoroughly  familiar  with  microscopic  tec'inic 
and  microscopic  interpretation.  He  therefore  became  a  microscopist 
in  the  old-fashioned  sense,  mounting  and  studying  all  sorts  of  small 
objects,  and  in  fact  all  sorts  of  small  things,  even  to  pieces  of  wood 
and  fossils.  He  made  a  very  thorough  study  of  spore  life,  the  small 
animal  and  plant  forms  of  bacteria  found  in  stagnant  ponds  of  water 
and  ditches.  He  dissected  all  sorts  of  insects  and  earth  worms,  large 
and  small.  During  this  time  he  was  often  consulted  by  physicians  for 
microscopic  examinations  of  various  sorts.  One  day  while  the  doctor 
was  working  at  the  chair  a  physician  came  in  and  holding  up  a  little 
vial  said,  "'Here  is  something  that  I  took  out  of  a  man's  eye  to-day  and 
I  wish  you  would  examine  it  and  tell  me  what  it  is."  The  doctor  did 
net  ttop  his  operation  but  said,  "All  right,  give  it  to  the  young  lady  and 
sto])  in  again  in  a  day  or  two  when  you  are  going  by."  A  few  days 
later  the  physician  again  appeared  and  said,  from  the  doorway,  "What 
was  ir  I  left  with  you  the  other  day?"  "Oh,"  said  Dr.  Black,  "that  w-as 
the  first  joint  of  the  third  leg  of  a  potato  bug."  "Well."  said  the  physi- 
cian, "what  was  tiiere  about  that  to  kick  up  such  an  inflammation  a-; 
there  was  in  that  man's  eye?"  Dr.  Black  replied,  "There  is  a  gland 
at  the  base  of  the  third  leg  of  a  potato  bug  which  secretes  a  poison  and 
there  was  a  part  of  the  gland  sticking  to  the  leg.  You  remember  that 
when  we  could  not  get  cantharides  for  blisters  we  used  to  go  out  and 
get  a  lot  of  potato  bugs  and  grind  them  up.     Well,  it  was  the  poison 

41 


from  that  gland  that  did  the  work,  and  eo  it  is  no  wonder  that  there 
was  inflammation  in  the  eye." 

It  is  said  Dr.  Black  went  into  detailed  minutia  in  all  his  researches 
and  even  dissected  and  mounted  the  sexual  organs  of  a  fly.  During 
this  time  he  made  and  preserved  a  large  collection  of  microscopic 
slides,  illustrating  the  normal  and  morbid  characteristics  of  almost 
every  tissue.  He  wrote  a  manuscript  on  house  mould,  also  a  complete 
thesis  or  treatise  on  the  reproduction  of  fungi.  He  also  became  inter- 
ested in  the  study  of  the  grain  of  various  woods,  making  a  study  of 
them  on  slides  with  the  microscope.  He  made  a  series  of  classifications 
ol  fossilized  woods,  a  subject  on  which  he  is  an  authority.  If  Dr.  Black 
had  had  the  time  to  devote  to  the  further  pursuit  of  his  studies  on 
plant  life,  he  might  have  eclipsed  Luther  Burbank's  wonderful  achieve- 
ments. Another  great  accomplishment  of  Dr.  Black  is  his  aptness  in 
the  science  of  deduction,  at  which  he  almost  rivals  the  powers  of  "Sher- 
lock Holmes.''  To  concentrate  his  thoughts  he  resorts  to  tobacco  as 
did  Holmes,  only  Dr.  Black's  sedative  or  stimulant,  whichever  it  may 
be,  is  in  the  shape  of  black  cigars,  a  hundred  and  fifty  of  which,  it  is 
said,  he  consumes  each  week.  With  clouds  of  smoke  surrounding  him, 
walking  rapidly  up  and  down  the  room,  Dr.  Black  has  worked  out  many 
of  the  difficult  scientific  problems  he  has  undertaken  to  master. 

In  1878  he  took  the  examination  before  the  first  Illinois  State 
Boaid  of  Health,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  medicine. 

It  has  always  been  his  habit  to  keep  some  scientific  subject  on  hand 
for  study.  These  subjects  have  covered  a  rather  wide  range.  Among 
such  subjects  may  be  mentioned  a  study  of  the  cyclones  of  Illinois,  on 
which  he  made  quite  an  extensive  report  to  the  Weather  Department 
at  Washington.  The  weather  is  another  subject  on  which  he  is  an 
authority.  He  carries  a  pocket  barometer  with  which  he  tells  weather 
conditions,  etc. 

During  the  war  he  was  injured  while  on  scout  duty  and  was  con- 
fined for  several  months  in  a  military  hospital  at  Louisville,  and  was 
never  able  to  resume  active  service.  This,  with  his  habit  of  incessant 
work  and  study,  seriously  injured  his  health,  and  for  twenty  years  it 
has  been  necessary  for  him  to  take  a  vacation  in  thc^  summer.  For 
fifteen  years  of  this  period  he  went  to  Petosky,  on  Lake  Michigan, 
where  he  owned  a  sailboat  called  "The  Microbe."  His  boat  was  equipped 
with  water-tight  compartments  which  he  filled  with  provisions  and 
everything  necessary  for  a  six  weeks'  cruise.  He  slept  in  his  boat  and 
spent  the  vacation  period  in  exploring  the  shore  and  lakes  and  rivers 
of  the  region,  making  maps  of  the  same.  He  always  came  home  from 
the  trips  greatly  refreshed  and  restored  to  health. 

A  characteristic  of  his  work  has  been  an  inability  to  put  it  aside 
even  for  sleep,  and  as  a  result  he  is  always  more  or  less  troubled  with 

42 


insomnia.  If  the  constant  pursuit  of  one  subject,  to  the  exclusion  of 
all  others  till  it  is  mastered,  can  be  called  an  eccentricity,  that  is  cer- 
tainly his  most  prominent  one,  and  if  constant  application  to  scientific 
and  professional  study,  to  the  exclusion  of  most  other  matters,  can 
be  called  a  characteristic,  this  is  certainly  a  most  prominent  one.  He 
Is,  and  has  been,  a  livlns?  illustration  of  that  terse  definition  of  gfnius 
as  being  an  unlimited  capacity  for  hard  work,  for  he  has  certainly 
never  allowed  the  difficulties  surrounding  a  task  to  interfere  with  its 
accomplishment.  At  the  same  time  he  has  always  taken  an  active 
interest  in  municipal,  State  and  national  political  affairs,  reading  regu- 
larly the  daily  papers  for  political  information,  frequently  contributing 
to  the  newspapers  on  current  topics,  and  never  neglecting  to  vo'e  the 
Republican  ticket. 

The  summer  of  1906  Dr.  Black  received  an  invitation  to  l)e  the 
guest  of  the  American  Dental  Society  of  Europe  at  its  annual  meeting 
held  in  Berlin  in  the  first  week  of  August.    He  accepted. 

On  this  trip  Dr.  Black  visited  the  dental  schools  of  Berlin,  Dresden, 
Heidelbei'g,  Paris,  and  London  for  the  purpose  of  studying  their  facili- 
ties and  methods.  He  made  copious  notes  and  had  something  to  say  on 
the  subject  in  his  paper,  "The  Limitations  of  Dental  Education,"  which 
he  presented  to  the  Illinois  State  Dental  Society,  May  14-17,  1907. 

After  leaving  Berlin  he  visited  Hamburg,  Cologne,  Heidelberg, 
Paris  and  London,  als.o  took  the  trip  up  the  Rhine  and  spent  several 
days  in  Switzerland,  where  he  was  the  recipient  of  many  attentions 
from  American  dentists;  but  from  a  scientific  point  of  view  his  trip 
was  made  at  a  bad  time  of  the  year,  because  very  few  of  the  prominent 
dentists  were  at  home;  for  example,  in  London,  out  of  twenty  promi- 
nent dentists  on  whom  he  would  have  called,  only  one  was  in  the  city. 

In  1860,  Dr.  Black  was  married  to  Jane  L.  Coughennower,  of 
Clayton,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Coughennower,  a  miller,  and  Agness 
Likely.  Agness  Likely  was  a  daughter  of  William  and  Agness  Taylor. 
Probably  th§  latter  belonged  to  the  same  family  as  President  Zachary 
Taylor.  The  Taylors  were  direct  descendants  of  Rollin  Taylor,  who 
was  burned  at  the  stake  in  England  for  heresy.  Mrs.  Black  was  born 
in  Griggsville,  111.,  March  31.  183S,  and  died  in  Cass  County,  111.,  Au- 
gust 26,  18G3. 

At  Jacksonville,  in  ISC.t.  he  married  Elizabeth  Akers  Davenport, 
a  daughter  of  Ira  and  Minerva  (Reid)  Davenport,  and  a  niece  of  Peter 
Akers,  a  widely  known  Methodist  preacher  and  circuit  rider.  Of  the 
first  union  two  children  were  born,  Horace  Vaughn,  who  died  in  in- 
fancy, and  Carl  E.  (A.  M.,  M.  D.),  of  Jacksonville.  Illinois.  To  the 
second  union  were  born  Clara,  of  Chicago,  Arthur  D.  (B.  S.,  D.  D.  S., 
M.  D.),  of  Chicago,  Assistant  Professor  Operative  Dentistry  and  As- 
sistant in  Oral  Surgery  in  the  Dental  Department  of  the  Northwestern 

43 


University,  and  Margaret  Olive,  wife  of  Mark  Baldwin,  of  Duluth, 
Minnesota. 

Dr.  Black  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order.  He  also  was  a 
member  for  thirty  years  of  the  Monday  Night  Club  at  Jacksonville, 
wLich  was  composed  of  the  thinking  people  of  the  city.  It  is  said 
that  for  thirty  years  he  never  missed  a  meeting  while  he  was  in  that 
city.  In  his  early  days,  as  previously  mentioned,  he  was  a  crack  rifle 
shot  and  fisherman.  One  of  his  closest  friends  tells  the  following  story 
regarding  Dr.  Black's  prowess  as  a  shot:  "In  the  early  days,  Dr.  Black 
was  out  in  the  woods  with  a  number  of  fellows  shooting  squirrels.  All 
except  Dr.  Black  had  shot  guns,  yet  he  was  getting  much  of  the  larger 
bar,  because  he  could  reach  the  further  with  the  rifle  he  carried. 
Nearing  the  edge  of  the  wocds  a  covey  of  quails  started  up,  and  flew 
into  the  stubble  field.  The  boys  with  the  shot  guns  said:  'It  is  our  turn 
now,  we  will  get  our  share  this  time.'  It  happened  that  five  quails 
started  up  singly  at  sufficient  intervals,  and  each  fiew  straight  away. 
Dr.  Black  got  the  five  in  succession  with  his  rifle." 

Dr.  Black  is  truly  a  man  of  versatile  talents  and  attainments  out- 
side of  his  profession.  Later  in  life  he  became  interested,  and  has  ex- 
celled as  a  chess  player,  a  game  at  which  he  is  an  expert.  For  a  num- 
ber of  years  he  was  leader  of  the  choir,  and  played  a  violin  in  one  of  the 
churches.  He  used  to  frequently  play  at  home  for  the  ainusement  of 
himself  and  friends.  Those  who  know  him  believe  him  to  be  the 
greatest  man  of  this  generation  in  the  dental  profession  in  the  whole 
world.  Measured  by  the  beneficent  influence  of  his  public  uttei-ances 
and  based  upon  the  general  belief  that  a  greater  number  of  practition- 
er, have  changed  their  mode  of  practice  for  the  better  in  a  greater 
number  of  ways  in  consequence  of  what  he  has  written  and  demon- 
strated, as  practitioner,  teacher,  author,  artist,  and  as  a  man  of  many 
and  varied  versatilities,  he  may  safely  be  counter!  as  a  benefactor  to 
humanity  and  as  the  greatest  Scientist  known  to  the  annals  of  the 
dental  profession. 


44 


HENRY  SEYMOUR  CHASE,   M.  D.,  D.  D.   S. 


Henry  Seymour  Chase,  son  of  Dr.  Jarvis  and  Rhoda  Campbell 
Chase,  was  born  March  (J,  1820,  at  Rockingham,  Vermont.  His  mother 
■was  a  great-granddaughter  of  the  Duke  of  Lowden  of  Scotland.  His 
father  was  an  eminent  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  time,  and  young 
Henry  seemed  destined  to  follow  in  his  father's  footsteps.  He  first 
began  his  career,  however,  before  studying  medicine,  as  a  clerli.  in  a 
general  store  in  Boston.  His  early  religious  training  was  Puritanical. 
Its  austerity  jarred  on  his  sensitive  feelings.  Its  restraint  in  the  home 
circle  chafed  him.  To  have  more  freedom,  with  the  permission  of  his 
parents,  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  he  went  to  Boston  and  found  em- 
ployment in  the  dry  goods  store  of  Allen  and  Man  on  Court  Street. 
Edwin  Adams,  afterward  an  actor  of  note,  was  a  fellow  clerk.  The 
family  with  whom  he  lived  were  Episcopalians.  He  attended  their  church 
and  subsequently  united  with  it,  and  while  living  in  Iowa  became 
practically  the  founder  and  builder  of  St.  James'  Episcopal  Church  at 
Independence,  Iowa,  and  after  his  removal  to  St.  Louis,  united  with 
Christ's  Church  Cathedral,  and  was  a  member  of  the  vestry  for  years. 
Desiring  to  see  the  Western  country,  he  made  a  trip  in  his  early  man- 
hood to  the  then  far  West,  via  the  Pennsylvania  canal  to  Pittsburg  and 
by  steamboat  to  St.  Louis.  From  that  city  he  went  to  Burlington,  the 
capital  of  Iowa  Territory;  purchasing  a  pony,  he  rode  until  he  came 
to  a  home  site  of  his  liking,  the  quarter  section  he  selected  now 
being  the  center  of  Tipton,  Iowa.  His  log  house  was  the  first  civilized 
habitation  of  Tipton;  soon  after  the  County  Commissioners  chose  Tip- 
ton as  the  county  seat  and  began  the  erection  of  a  courthouse.  The 
Sac  and  Fox  Indians  were  numerous  in  that  locality  at  that  period. 
After  a  year's  residence  in  Iowa  he  decided  to  return  to  New  England 
and   study  medicine  with   his  father,   then   residing  at   New   Bedford, 

45 


Massachusetts.     Following  this  he  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Boston  Medical  College,  and  later  he  finished  his  course  and  graduated 
as  M.  D.,  at  the  Vermont  Medical  College  at  Woodstock,  Vermont,  in 
1843.     While  in  Boston  he  became  acquainted  with  a  Dr.  Fredericks, 
a  successful  dental  practitioner,  from  whom  he  took  a  private  course 
of  instructions.    Later  he  went  to  Baltimore,  where  he  formed  the  ac- 
quaintance of  Chapin  A.  Harris  and  attended  part  of  one  course     of 
lectures  at  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  although  he  did 
not  graduate  from  this  institution.     He  returned  to  Woodstock,  Ver- 
mont, where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  Dentistry.     January  1,  1845, 
he  married  Miss  Sarah  Haskell.    They  resided  at  Woodstock  until  1856, 
when  he  again  was  overcome  with  the  Iowa  fever.     He  spent  the  en- 
tire summer  of  1856  driving  over  the  northeastern  part  of  Iowa,  seek- 
ing a  favorable  home  site,  finally  selecting  a  section,  640  acres,  in  Bu- 
chanan County,  six  miles  northeast  of  Independence,  which  he  bought 
outright  from  the  government,  at  $1.25  per  acre;   on  this  he  built  the 
first  frame  house  in  Byron  Township.     He  returned  East  for  his  wife 
and  four  children.     He  was  greatly  interested  in  agriculture  and  was 
president   of   the    County   Agriculture   Society.     His   farming   did   not 
'prove  remunerative  and  in  1861  he  sold  his  farm  and  removed  to  In- 
dependence, where  he  established  himself  in  dental  practice.    Fayette, 
the  county  adjoining,  having  no  dentist,  he  practiced  there  ten  days 
of  each  month,  dividing  his  time  between  the  towns  of  Fayette  and 
West  Union.     This  he  continued  until  the  spring  of  1865,  when,  de- 
siring his  children  to  attend  the  State  University,  he  removed  to  Iowa 
City.     He  is  the  one  who  took  the  initiative  in  organizing  the  Iowa 
State  Dental  Society,  which  met  at  Muscatine,  July,  1863,  for  organiza- 
tion, with  five  charter  members.    The  four  following  elected  themselves 
to  office.     Dr.  Chase  was  elected  the  first  president,  J.  Hartman,  vice- 
president;  W.  Kulp,  corresponding  secretary;  A.  J.  McGarvey,  record- 
ing secretary  and  treasurer.    He  practiced  until  1867  in  Iowa  City,  when 
he  visited  St.  Louis  to  read  a  paper  and  so  impressed  the  St.  Louis  men 
that  he  was   proffered   and  accepted   the  chair  of  Dental   Physiology, 
Hygiene   and   Operative   Dentistry   in   the   Missouri   Dental   College   at 
St.  Louis.    Here  he  removed  in  1868  with  his  family,  taking  charge  of 
the   practice  of  Dr.   C.   W.    Spalding,  who   retired   temporarily   to   his 
farm.      This    college    connection    continued    until    1874.      In    1868    Dr. 
Chase  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  and  at  once  took 
a  prominent  part  in  its  proceedings,  especially  in  writing  and  discus- 
sion of  the  papers.     It  was  his  motion  that  a  committee  be  appointed 
to  organize  a  joint  stock  company  to  start  a  dental  journal.    The  first 
Issue   of   The   Missouri   Dental   Journal   was   issued   January,   1869,   in 
St.  Louis.     The  editors  were:  Homer  Judd,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.;   Henry  S. 
Chase,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.;   W.  H.  Eames,  D.  D.  S.     Dr.  Chase  continued 
as     editor     until     1S78.       He    was     a     talented     writer     and     wielded     a 

46 


marked  influence,  especially  throughout  the  Western  country.  As  an 
editor,  essayist  and  dis-cussor  of  papers,  he  also  held  a  prominent 
position.  October,  1877,  the  Western  College  of  Dental  Surgeons  was 
organized.  Dr.  Chase  was  Professor  of  Histology,  Microscopy  and 
Dental  Physiology.  November,  the  same  year,  a  quarterly  journal.  The 
St.  Louis  Dental  Quarterly,  was  fir.st  published,  with  Drs.  C.  W.  S|)ald- 
inji;  and  Dr.  Chase  as  editors.  This  was  devoted  mainly  to  e.\])loitinj{  the 
new  school  and  the  "new  dei)arture  creed."  This  school,  journal 
and  "new  departure,"  naturally  had  many  antagonists  at  the  time  and 
a  merry  war  was  made  on  this  combination  by  the  older  coni-ervative 
practitioners.  The  school  and  journal  continued  for  a  number  of 
years  and  finally  was  discontinued.  He  united  with  J.  Foster  Flagg, 
and  S.  R.  Palmer  in  jjromulgating  the  "New  Departure  creed."  For- 
merly an  all-gold  advocate  and  an  expert  gold  operator,  he  made  a 
series  of  experiments  which  led  him  to  believe  that  plastic  filling 
materials  were  of  great  merit  in  the  saving  of  the  human  teeth.  He 
was  the  author  of  the  celebrated  "article  one"  of  the  creed;  i.  e.,  "In 
proportion  as  teeth  need  saving,  gold  is  the  worst  material  to  use." 
These  three  men  dared  to  stand  as  advocates  for  the  plastics  against 
almost  the  entire  profession,  who  at  that  time  contended  gold  was 
the  only  filling  with  which  to  save  teeth.  For  his  stand  on  this  ques- 
tion he  was  expelled  from  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association. 
Chase  was  of  a  positive  and  aggressive  nature  and  a  seeker  for  the 
truth,  yet  he  possessed  a  kind  and  gentle  disposition  and  was  almost 
universally  known  as  "Pa"  Chase,  and  among  his  anti-plastic  opponents 
he  was  referred  to  as  "Old  Putty."  This  name  pleased  him  and  he  in- 
sisted he  be  called  by  it.  In  18C5  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery 
conferred  the  honorary  degree  of  D.  D.  S.  upon  him.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Dental  Association  and  the  Southern  Dental  As- 
sociation, which  he  frequently  attended  as  a  delegate  for  the  Mis- 
souri State  Dental  Association.  He  w^as  president  of  the  St.  Louis 
Dental  Society  in  1870,  and  an  honorary  member  of  Illinois,  Vermont, 
and  Iowa  State  Dental  societies,  Northern  Ohio  Dental  Society,  New 
York  Odontological  Society,  and  Boston  Academy  of  Science.  His 
spare  moments  were  put  in  experimenting  along  scientific  lines  and 
with  his  literary  work.  He  was  the  author  of  many  papers  published 
in  various  dental  journals,  and  a  small  work  "Familiar  lectures  about 
the  teeth,"  which  was  published  in  two  editions,  and  also  author  of 
numerous  poems  published  in  Arthurs'  Home  Journal  from  1848  to 
1852.  Dr.  Chase  was  by  nature  a  "reformer."  From  early  childhood 
he  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  temperance  and  worked  zealously  for 
prohibition  by  legislation.  In  1854  his  native  State  enacted  a  pro- 
hibitory law.  After  he  had  witnessed  the  effects  of  this  legislation, 
he   said   of   it,   "all    moral    effort   ceased,    public   sentiment   ceased   to 

47 


grow  and  the  evil  did  not  abate.  Tlie  trutli  gradually  dawned  on 
me  that  no  evil  dependant  upon  human  passions  and  appetites  can  be 
abolished   by   law." 

When  he  was  fifteen  years  old  he  saw  the  mob  of  5,000  men  pur- 
sue and  attempt  to  lynch  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison,  while  on  his  way  to 
jail  in  Boston.  This  incident  made  a  stanch  abolitionist  of  young 
Chase. 

Dissatisfied  with  social  conditions,  he  read  Henry  George's  "Prog- 
ress and  Poverty,"  which  harmonized  with  his  views.  He  became  a 
convert  of  The  George  doctrines  and  an  ardent  advocate  of  "the 
single  tax."  In  1SS7  he  organized  The  Benton  School  of  Social  Science, 
which  met  at  his  home  at  Benton  Station,  St.  Louis  County.  The 
first  three  years  after  this  school  was  organized  Dr.  Chase  distributed 
individually  at  his  own  expense,  8,000  single  tax  tracts,  attended  200 
public  meetings,  delivered  six  lectures  and  wrote  350  letters  on  the 
subject.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  First  National  Single  Tax  Con- 
ference at  New  York,  September  1,  1S90.  He  wrote  and  published 
three  books  on  social  problems  and  political  economy,  i.  e.,  "Letters 
to  Farmers'  Sons,"  "Dignity  of  Sex,"  and  "A  Pack  of  Fools."  Most 
of  his  writings  on  these  subjects  was  done  from  1880  to  1896.  Re- 
tiring from  practice.  Dr.  Chase  spent  his  energy  in  his  single  tax 
efforts  and  his  summer  vacations  at  Excelsior  on  Lake  Minnetonka, 
Minnesota.  He  purchased  a  sailboat  which  he  christened  "Single 
Tax,"  which  he  kept  stocked  with  literature  on  that  subject,  which 
he  distributed  to  the  cottagers  and  hotel  guests.  He  was  truly  "a 
friend  of  oppressed  humanity."  Another  one  of  Dr.  Chase's  hobbies 
was  his  ardent  belief  in  plenty  of  fresh  air.  He  advocated  and  prac- 
ticed sleeping  out  of  doors.  He  also  was  a  vegetarian  in  belief  and 
in  practice.  He  invented  a  number  of  useful  dental  instruments.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  to  apply  and  practice  the  principle  of  local 
anaesthesia  by  tropical  application.  In  1851,  while  practicing  in  Wood- 
stock, Vermont,  he  crudely,  though  painlessly,  operated  on  sensitive 
dentine,  by  dipping  a  lock  of  wool  in  ether,  placing  it  in  the  cavity. 
The  evaporating  of  the  ether  producing  cold,  thus  bringing  about  the 
obtunding  effect.  (See  Dental  News  Letter,  Vol.  IV,  page  23).  In 
1895  he  and  his  wife  celebrated  their  golden  wedding  anniversary. 
Children  born  io  them  were:  Drs.  Edward  C.  and  Fred  B.,  both  St. 
Louis  dental  practitioners.  Harry,  who  became  famous  as  a  marine 
artist,  Chas.  D.,  James  H.,  George  S.,  Carrie  (who  died  in  infancy), 
and  Fannie  E.,  now  Mrs.  J.  D.  Lawson,  of  Columbia,  Missouri.  Dr. 
Chase  died  of  pneumonia  at  his  home,  "Kumfort  Kottage,"  at  Benton 
Station,  St.  Louis  County,  Missouri,  .January  11,  1898.  His  remains 
were  cremated  as  was  his  wish  and  belief,  for  he  was  the  first  avowed 
advocate  of  cremation  of  the  dead  in  St.  I^ouis.  and  organized  the  as- 
sociation which  built  the  first  crematory  in  the  West. 

48 


CHRISTOPHER  WATERMAN   SPALDING,   D.  D.    S.,   M.   D. 

Christopher  Waterman  Spalding,  son  of  Loverwell  and  Susannah 
Spalding,  was  born  on  his  father's  farm,  March  5,  1814,  at  Centerville, 
Rhode  Island.  Here  he  obtained  his  early  education  and  worked  in 
a  cotton  goods  factory,  until  he  began  the  study  of  Dentistry  in  1840, 
with  a  Dr.  Miles  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Here  he  practiced  for  a  short 
while,  then  removed  to  Savannah,  Georgia,  where  he  remained  until 
1849,  when  he  located  at  St.  Louis  for  practice,  and  soon  took  front 
rank  as  a  practitioner,  teacher  and  society  devotee.  He  was  a  tal- 
ented writer  and  impressive  speaker. 

Dr.  Spalding  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  June  3, 
1868,  and  at  once  took  prominence  in  the  discussion  of  scientific  sub- 
jects, at  which  he  had  marked  ability.  In  18C9  he  was  elected  one 
of  the  trustees  of  the  Missouri  Dental  College.  From  the  early  rec- 
ords it  appears  Dr.  Spalding  allowed  his  membership  to  lapse  for  a 
few  years  and  again  joined  the  association  June  1,  1875.  This  affilia- 
tion he  continued  until  his  death.  He  never  held  an  office  in  the  Mis- 
souri Dental  Association.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Dental  Surgery  from  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1S52,  and 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  Homeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Missouri,  in  1869.  He  was  an  ardent  advocate  of  Homeopathic 
remedies  in  dental  and  general  disorders.  He  joined  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Association  of  Dental  Surgeons,  February,  1857,  and  was  elected 
president  of  that  society  the  same  day.  He  was  the  sixth  president 
of  the  American  Dental  Association,  1SG5-G6,  president  of  the  Western 
Dental  Association,  1879-80.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  presi- 
dent of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society  in  1877. 

Dr.  Spalding  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Western  College  of 
Dental   Surgeons  at  St.   Louis  in   1877,  of  which  he  was  dean  of  the 

49 


faculty.  He  was  one  of  the  committee  on  publication  of  the  Mis- 
souri Dental  Journal,  when  it  was  organized  in.  1869,  and  editor  of 
this  journal,  succeeding  Dr.  Chase,  1878  to  1883,  inclusive.  He  was 
also  editor  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Quarterly  in  conjunction  with  Dr. 
H.  S.  Chase  for  a- number  of  years. 

Dr.  Spalding  was  married  November  11.  1838,  to  Miss  Cornelia 
Anna  Herb.  They  had  one  son,  John  Holliman  Spalding,  D.  D.  S.,  of 
Kirkwood,  Missouri.  Dr.  C.  W.  Spalding  died  in  1893,  and  was  buried 
at  Riverpoint,  Rhode  Island. 


50 


JOHN  JOSEPH  RAVENSCROFT  PATRICK,  D.  D.   S. 


John  Joseph  Ravenscroft  Patrick  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England, 
February  6,  1828,  from  where,  as  a  boy,  he  moved  with  his  father's 
family  to  Belfast,  Ireland.  When  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  his 
parents,  with  their  family,  emigrated  to  this  country,  settling  first 
in  New  Orleans,  removing  afterwards  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and 
again  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  where  his  father,  Dr.  Hugh  Patrick,  a  physi- 
cian, died  in  1847.  Young  Patrick  thought  at  one  time  of  following 
in-  the  footsteps  of  his  father,  and  to  this  end  took  a  course  of  lec- 
tures in  McDowell  Medical  College  at  St.  Louis,  but  having  a  decided 
mechanical  turn  of  mind,  and  believing  that  his  mechanical  ability, 
which  had  been  developed  by  an  apprenticeship  of  some  years  to  a 
jeweler  and  diamond  setter,  would  be  of  greater  service  in  the  prac- 
tice of  Dentistry,  he  took  up  that  study  in  the  office  of  his  brother, 
Dr.  Hugh  Patrick,  and  commenced  practice  in  St.  Louis  about  1850, 
associated  for  a  time  with  Dr.  McKellops. 

In  1853,  Dr.  Patrick  removed  to  Belleville,  Illinois,  where  he 
prosecuted  the  practice  of  Dentistry  till,  in  the  fall  of  1862,  he  en- 
listed in  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth  Illinois  Infantry,  and  served 
with  his  regiment  until  its  consolidation  in  January,  1865,  with  the 
Seventy-seventh,  having  in  the  meantime  been  promoted  to  the 
captaincy  of  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth  Illinois  Infantry. 
He  went  through  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  with  General  Banks'  sec- 
ond expedition  up  the  Teche  River,  in  western  Louisiana,  and  was 
under  General  Ranson  in  Texas,  and  at  the  siege  of  Jackson,  where 
he  was  wounded,  when  he  resigned  from  the  army,  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  Dentistry  at  Belleville,  continuing  until  his  last  illness. 

John  J.  R.  Patrick  was  one  of  the  notable  figures  in  the  history 
of  Dentistry  of  his  day  and  generation.     While  working  earnestly  and 

51 


faithfully  iu  the  practical  field  of  his  chosen  profession,  he  early  felt 
the  need  of  a  wider  basis  of  real  understanding  of  the  problems  which 
underlie  the  practice  of  Dentistry  and  he  toiled  incessantly  to  con- 
tribute his  share  to  their  solution.  Perhaps,  to  his  clear  exposition 
of  the  facts,  more  than  to  any  one  man's  efforts,  is  due  the  final  dis- 
persion of  the  myth  that  dental  caries  is  a  disease  of  modern  origin. 
He  showed  conclusively  by  painstaking  examination  of  thousands  of 
prehistoric  skulls,  which  he  dug  from  the  mounds  surrounding  Belle- 
ville and  in  Mexico,  that  the  dentures  of  the  ancient  races  were  af- 
flicted by  the  same  sort  of  dental  decay  as  are  those  of  the  present 
inhabitants  of  the  world.  So  conspicuously  well  had  his  work  in 
this  direction  been  done  that  the  American  Dental  Association  made 
him  the  curator  of  the  great  investigation  which  it  set  on  foot  to 
examine  all  the  available  pre-historic  crania  in  America.  The  work 
was  carried  cut  under  his  direction,  the  final  report,  iembracing  the 
detailed  tabulation  of  the  dental  characteristics  of  many  thousands 
of  dentures,  having  been  printed  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Asso- 
ciation for  1895. 

On  the  practical  side  of  dentistry  Dr.  Patrick  also  did  notable 
work,  as  attested  by  a  number  of  useful  inventions,  with  which  he 
enlarged  the  armamentarium  of  the  dentist.  Among  these  may  be 
mentioned  his  well-known  devices  for  the  regulation  of  teeth,  a  sys- 
tem for  crown  work,  die  plate  and  a  swaging  press.  He  was  an 
expert  manipulator  of  gold  as  a  filling  material,  also  in  the  use  of 
the  blow  pipe. 

Besides  his  labors  in  behalf  of  his  profession.  Dr.  Patrick's  thirst 
for  knowledge  led  him  into  other  paths.  He  was  a  recognized  au- 
thority on  ancient  dental  history  and  dental  archeology,  and  his  work 
in  the  departments  of  general  archeology  and  ethnology  made  him 
known  to  scientific  men  the  world  over.  He  surveyed  the  great 
Cahokia  mounds  in  Illinois,  and  made  models  of  them  which  are  now 
in  the  collections  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  other  similar 
institutions  in  EJurope.  He  made  several  large  archeological  col- 
lections, the  most  important  of  which,  together  with  his  original 
survey  drafts  of  the  Cahokia  mounds,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the 
Missouri  Historical  Society  at  St.  Louis,  and  known  as  the  "Patrick 
Cx)llection."  Dr.  Patrick  was  also  for  many  years  the  correspondent 
for  his  section  on  matters  relating  to  ethnology  and  archeology  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  various  similar  bodies  in  Europe. 
He  made  a  choice  collection  of  Indian  potteries,  ceremics,  war  imple- 
ments, etc.  He  lectured  on  Comparative  Anatomy  at  the  Missouri 
Dental  College,  St.  Louis,  and  the  Dental  Department  of  the  University 
of  Iowa.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.  D.  S.  from  the  Mis- 
souri Dental  College. 

In  whatever  he  undertook  to  do,  he  was  a  tireless  worker.     No 

52 


detail  was  too  deeply  hidden  to  be  searched  out,  or  so  trivial  as  to 
be  overlooked  if  it  had  a  possible  bearing  on  the  subject  under  in- 
vestigation. As  is  common  among  men  of  great  ability,  he  was  of 
modest  demeanor,  but  of  positive  convictions.  He  never  made  up 
his  mind  until  he  had  investigated  and  knew;  but  when  he  had 
reached  a  conclusion  he  was  ready  and  able  to  defend  it  against  all 
comers  or  to  take  the  aggressive  if  that  course  would  better  spread 
the  knowledge  of  truth.  He  was  a  ready  speaker,  a  skilled  contro- 
versialist. He  i)ul)lishe(l  a  number  of  monographs  and  contribu- 
tions to  dental  and  other  periodicals,  and  was  a  prominent  character 
at  the  principal  dental  gatherings  of  the  country,  where  his  intimate 
and  positive  knowledge  of  whatever  subject  he  discussed  gave  to 
what  he  had  to  say  a  peculiar  value  and  interest.  He  collected  a 
splendid  general  and   professional   library. 

Of  genial  disposition,  unassuming  ways  and  invincible  courage, 
he  gained  manj'  friends.  He  was  both  bon-vivant  and  raconteur,  and  one 
of  the  most  congenial  and  entertaining  men  at  the  dental  meetings  in 
the  old  days. 

Dr.  Patrick  was  a  member,  honorary  or  active,  of  many  societies, 
dental  and  others.  Among  them  the  Illinois  State  Dental  Society,  of 
which  he  had  been  President;  Iowa  State  Dental  Society;  Odontologi- 
cal  Society  of  New  York;  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  which 
he  joined.  1874;  First  District  Dental  Society  of  the  State  of  New 
York;  Mississippi  Valley  Association  of  Dental  Surgeons;  American 
Dental  Association;  St.  Clair  Medical  Association  of  Illinois;  American 
Ethnological  Society  of  New  York,  and  Anthropological  Society  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  and  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United 
States. 

Dr.'  Patrick  was  twice  married,  January  5,  1853,  at  Lebanon,  111., 
to  Miss  Jane  Johnson,  who  died,  and  on  March  15,  1895,  to  Miss  Anna 
Rischar,  who  survived  him.  He  died  at  his  residence  in  Belleville, 
111.,  April  10,  1S95,  in  the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age. 


53 


JOSEPH   FRANCIS   HASSELL,   D.   D.   S. 

Joseph  Francis  Hassell  was  born  ]May  2,  1828,  at  Charleston,  S. 
C,  where  he  received  his  early  education.  He  took  a  classical  course 
at  Baltimore  and  studied  dentistry  with  Dr.  John  S.  Clark  at  St.  Louis, 
being  a  fellow  apprentice  and  student  with  Dr.  H.  J.  McKellops,  com- 
pleting his  apprenticeship.  He  located  at  Lexington,  Mo.,  1847,  where 
he  practiced  continuously  until  his  death,  except  during  the  Mexican 
and  Civil  Wars.  In  the  former  he  served  under  General  Donipha!i, 
in  the  company  of  which  Dr.  H.  J.  McKellops  was  captain.  Gen.  Doni- 
phan recruited  a  brigade,  and  Dr.  Hassel,  fired  with  patriotic  zeal,  de- 
serted his  instrument  case  and  took  up  the  weary  march  to  Mexico  in  de- 
fense of  his  country,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he 
returned  to  Lexington  to  again  begin  the  practice  of  dentistry,  which 
was  uninterrupted  until  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  when  he  en- 
listed in  the  Army  of  the  Confederacy.  At  the  close  of  his  enlistment 
he  returned  to  Lexington,  where  he  practiced  until  his  last  illness.  He 
was  noted  as  a  most  skillful  dentist,  especially  excelling  in  the  manipu- 
lation of  gold  foil,  and  in  plate  work.  At  one  time  Dr.  Hassell  went 
from  Lexington  to  a  city  in  Mexico  to  construct  a  set  of  teeth  for  a 
wealthy  Mexican  woman.  He  traveled  the  entire  distance  in  the 
saddle  and  received  for  his  services  one  thousand  dollars.  He  wrote  a 
number  of  articles  of  merit  published  in  the  "Missouri  Dental  Journal." 

Dr.  Hassel  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Missouri  Dental 
College,  from  which  he  received  the  D.  D.  S.  degree,  1881.  Later,  for 
a  short  time,  he  filled  a  chair  as  a  teacher  in  the  institution,  but 
soon  gave  it  up,  as  it  required  too  much  of  his  time. 

He  invented  a  lip  and  cheek  retractor,  which  the  subsequent  in- 
troduction of  the  rubber  dam  rendered  useless.  He  joined  the  Mis- 
souri State  Dental  Association  June  4,  1867,  at  the  third  annual  meet- 
ing at  St.  Louis.     At  this  time  he  was  elected  a     delegate     to     the 

54 


American  Dental  Association  at  Cincinnati  the  following  month.  He 
allowed  his  membership  to  lapse  until  the  ninth  meeting  at  St. 
Joseph,  June  3,  1873,  when  he  again  united  with  the  association.  The 
same  year  he  was  elected  first  Vice-President  of  the  Association. 
He  was  a  faithful  and  earnest  man,  always  skillfully  and  conscien- 
tiously performing  the  duties  of  his  profession. 

Dr.  Hassell  was  married  three  times,  his  first  two  wives  living  but 
a  short  time.  The  last.  Miss  Sarah  W.  Waddell,  whom  he  married 
October  1,  1856,  was  the  mother  of  five  children,  two  of  whom  sur- 
vive him.     He  died  at  Lexington,  Mo.,  April  27,  1901. 


55 


RICHARD  JOHNSON   POORE. 

Richard  Johnson  Poore,  son  of  William  and  Mary  Ann  Poore, 
was  born  July  14,  1824,  near  Jackson,  Ohio.  His  early  youth  was 
spent  at  Covington,  Ind.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  removed  to 
Iowa  City,  where  he  studied  medicine  and  assisted  his  stepfather. 
Dr.  Jesse  Bowin,  in  practice.  He  attended  two  courses  of  lectures  at 
the  Cleveland  Medical  College.  On  account  of  lack  of  funds  he  began 
as  a  dental  student  with  Dr.  Strickland.  After  a  few  months'  instruc- 
tion he  started  as  an  itinerant.  At  various  times  he  visited  Dr.  S.  P. 
Hullihen,  a  noted  pioneer  dentist  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  who  freely 
gave  him  much  valuable  instruction.  In  1854  Dr.  Poore  located  at 
Richmond,  Ky.  Here  he  practiced  until  18G4,  when  he  removed  to 
Lexington,  Ky.,  where  he  practiced  two  years.  In  1868  he  located 
at  St.  Louis.  He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  the 
fourth  annual   meeting,   St.  Louis,  June  2,   1868.  served  as  Treasurer, 

1869.  He  was  the  only  nominee  for   President  of  the  association   in 

1870,  but  declined  the  honor.  Was  Secretary  two  years  of  the  St. 
Louis  Dental  Society,  and  its  President,  ISTl,  and  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  State  Dental  Society. 

In  1880  Dr.  Poore  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Cincinnati  Odontological  Society.  He  read  various  papers 
before  societies,  and  was  skilled  as  an  operator.  He  practiced  con- 
tinuously foi-  fifty-five  years.  He  has  retired  and  now  lives  at 
Cincinnati. 

In  1857  he  married  Miss  Lucy  Busby  of  Richnion:!.  Ky.  She  died 
and  in  1879  he  married  Mrs.  Lutie  D.  Moore. 


56 


/ 


HENRY    HOWARD   KEITH,   D.   D.    S. 

Keiiry  Howard  Keith,  the  only  son  of  Amos  B.  and  Katie  M. 
Keith,  was  born  at  Salem,  Mass.,  June  14,  1847.  He  resided  in 
Boston  until  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  when  the  family  moved 
to  Chicago.  After  working  a  short  time  in  a  machine  shop  to  learn 
the  use  of  tools,  he  was  apprenticed  to  his  uncle  of  New  York,  who 
was  a  jeweler.  In  1864  Dr.  Keith  went  to  Philadelphia  and  entered 
the  laboratory  of  Dr.  Charles  J.  Essig.  He  made  such  rapid  progress 
that  when  Dr.  Essig  moved  his  laboratory  to  Baltimore  in  1868  he 
took  Dr.  Keith  with  him,  and  while  there  he  met  Miss  Nana  L.  Ben- 
teen,  whom  he  afterwards  married.  After  spending  about  two  years 
in  Baltimore  he  went  to  Newark,  N.  J.,  for  a  short  time. 

He  came  to  St.  Louis  in  February,  1871,  and  in  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  opened  a  laboratory.  He  was  successively  with  Drs.  Morri- 
son, Eames.  Park  and  McKellops.  He  attended  the  Missouri  Dental 
College  and  graduated  while  associated  with  Dr.  Park  in  1873,  and 
afterwards  held  positions  in  the  same  college  in  1875-6  as  Dem- 
onstrator of  Mechanical  Dentistry,  and  was  Professor  of  Mechanical 
Dentistry  from  1876  to  1879,  inclusive. 

Dr.  Keith's  talents  lay  in  the  direction  of  plate  work,  in  which 
he  had  no  superior,  though  he  had  a  large  practice  in  operative  work. 
His  heart  was  in  his  profession,  and  he  spared  neither  time  nor  pains 
when  engaged  in  a  difficult  piece  of  work,  and  the  greater  the  dif- 
ficulties the  more  he  enjoyed  overcoming  them,  in  which  he  seldom 
failed.  As  an  operator  he  was  equally  skilled  and  was  extremely 
gentle  and  considerate  of  his  patients.  His  chief  characteristic 
seemed  to  be  a  desire  to  help  the  younger  members  of  the  profession. 
His  professional  callers  met  with  a  pleasant  welcome  from  him,  and 
he  always  did  what  he  could  to  advance  them.  His  knowledge  was 
given  freely,  and  he  was  always  eager  to  help  or  instruct  others.  His 

57 


summers,  for  seven  years  before  his  death,  were  spent  in  Asheville, 
North  Carolina,  where  he  had  a  beautiful  home.  He  also  spent  his 
Christmas  and  Easter  vacations  there,  as  the  climate  greatly  benefited 
him.  He  died  at  St.  Louis,  September,  1898.  and  was  cremated  at  the 
St.  Louis  Crematory,  as  he  desired.  His  ashes  were  buried  at  Riverside 
Cemetery,  Asheville. 

As  an  instructor  he  was  one  of  the  few  men  who  seemed  capable 
of  imparting  his  knowledge  so  that  the  one  instructed  could  not  fail 
to  grasp  the  ideas  of  the  master  mind.  He  was  a  member  of  a  Sketch 
Club  and  well  versed  in  photography.  For  that  reason  he  was  an  adept 
in  illustrating  his  subject.  His  office  was  a  study  in  itself  for  neat- 
ness, convenience  and  all  that  was  new  in  modern  dentistry.  His 
laboratory  was  equal  to  that  of  his  office.  He  was  considered  one  of 
the  best  continuous  gum  workers  in  the  country.  All  his  work  in 
this  particular  line  had  the  finish  of  a  master  artist. 

He  was  a  man  who  was  continually  striving  to  accomplish  some- 
thing that  would  advance  his  profession.  He  was  an  active  member 
of  both  State  and  local  societies;  of  the  latter  he  served  four  years 
as  Recording  Secretary,  and  in  1882  was  the  President,  and  no  bet- 
ter drawing  card  could  be  announced  than  the  mere  statement  that 
Dr.  Keith  would  either  read  a  paper  or  give  a  talk  on  some  dental 
subject.  As  a  professional  man  he  was  a  model.  He  was  never 
known  to  speak  ill  of  any  professional  brother.  He  was  always  will- 
ing to  assist  any  dentist,  both  financially  and  professionally. 


58 


ALTON  HOWARD  THOMPSON,  D.  D.  S. 

Alton  Howard  Thompson  was  born  April  S,  1849,  at  Logansport, 
Indiana.  His  father  was  Thomas  Boal  Thompson  and  his  mother 
Isabella  Adams,  who  came  from  .Tuniata  County,  Pennsylvania.  His 
father  was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent  and  his  mother  of  English  ancestry. 
His  father  was  in  the  mercantile  bu?iness  in  Logansport  until  the 
death  of  his  mother  in  1852,  when  he  was  taken  with  a  baby  sister 
back  to  Pennsylvania,  and  was  raised  by  his  mother's  people,  spending 
a  few  years  of  childhood  in  Logansport  and  two  years  in  Dalton, 
Georgia,  where  his  father  was  in  the  banking  business  in  1856-59.  While 
there  he  lived  with  Dr.  M.  H.  Banner,  who  was  a  dentist  of  the  old 
school,  and  who  gave  him  the  first  suggestion  of  taking  up  dentistry 
as  a  vocation,  which  was  carried  out  in  later  years.  Dr.  Banner  was 
afterwards  on  General  Hood's  staff  in  the  Confederate  Army,  and  won 
honors  for  braver}'.  The  coming  on  of  the  war  drove  Thompson's  father 
North.  He  married  Miss  Jennie  Boal  and  settled  in  Perry  County, 
Pennsylvania,  near  the  old  home.  Young  Alton  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  country  schools  and  academies,  and  in  Dalton,  Georgia, 
he  attended  an  old-fashioned  subscription  school.  But  the  war  so  af- 
fected the  family  fortunes  that  he  was  unable  to  go  to  college,  which 
has  been  a  life  long  regret. 

In  1866  he  went  to  study  dentistry  with  a  Dr.  G.  L.  Derr  in  Mif- 
fiintown,  the  county  seat  of  Juniata  County.  Pennsylvania,  remaining 
for  a  year.  Afterwards  he  practiced  in  Millerstown,  Perry  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  made  an  itinerary  of  other  small  towns.  Failing 
in  this  he  went  to  Logansport  in  1869,  and  after  clerking  there  a  few 
months  drifted  out  to  Topeka,  Kansas.  Here  he  opened  an  office 
and  practiced  a  while,  and  then  attended  lectures  at  the  Philadelphia 
Dental  College,  graduating  as  D.  D.  S.  in  1872.  Returning  to  Topeka, 
he  has  been  in  practice  there  ever  since. 

59 


In  1875  he  married  Miss  Fannie  Geiger,  wlio  died  in  1903,  by 
whom  he  had  two  children,  a  daughter,  Isabel,  who  died  in  1897,  aged 
seventeen,  and  a  son,  Wallace,  who  is  now  in  Mexico  City,  employed 
on  "The  Mexican  Herald."  He  was  married  in  190G  to  Miss  Helen 
Moon,  of  Topeka,  Kansas. 

In  1880  he  assisted  in  founding  the  Kansas  City  Dental  College, 
and  has  been  identified  with  it  almost  continuously  ever  since  as 
Professor  of  "Odontography,  Human  and  Comparative."  In  the  winter 
of  1899-1900  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  and  was-  connected  with  the 
Philadelphia  Dental  College  for  the  session,  teaching  Comparative 
Anatomy,  but  returned  home  in  the  spring.  He  gave  courses  at 
various  times  on  his  special  study  of  Comparative  Dental  Anatomy 
at  the  Northwestern  University  Dental  Department  of  Chicago,  the 
Dental  Department  of  the  University  of  Tennessee  at  Nashville,  the 
Marion-Sims  Dental  College  at  St.  Louis,  and  at  the  Angle  School  of 
Orthodontia  at  St.  Louis  for  several  years. 

He  has  been  a  prolific  writer  for  the  dental  journals,  and  essayist 
before  various  dental  societies,  mainly  on  topics  relating  to  his  spe- 
cialty of  comparative  dental  anatomy,  on  which  subject  he  wrote  a 
text-book,  "Comparative  Dental  Anatomy,"  for  dental  students,  which 
was  published  in  1899,  by  the  S.  S.  White  Dental  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany. Following  this  with  his  other  hobbies,  archaeology  and 
anthropology,  he  carried  his  studies  of  the  comparative  study  of  the 
teeth  to  the  different  races  of  mankind  and  made  some  extensive  in- 
vestigations on  the  Peruvians,  Mexicans  and  Mound  Builders.  He  has 
rrade  a  collection  of  skulls  of  Indians,  Pueblos  and  Mexican  races  and 
their  potteries  and  of  archaeological  specimens.  He  is  much  inter- 
ested in  what  comparative  studies  would  do  for  the  advancement  of 
the  science  of  the  profession,  especially  in  connection  with  anthro- 
pology, which  is  so  important  as  a  fundamental  science.  As  a  boy  at 
home  on  the  farm.  Dr.  Thompson  was  interested  in  the  objects  of 
nature,  but  could  not  secure  l)ooks  suitable  for  study  of  this  subject. 
Later  the  opportunity  offered  and  he  secured  the  books  and  began  the 
study  of  nature,  which  in  interest  was  foremost  of  his  studies.  The 
Kansas  Academy  of  Science  and  friends  found  there  who  were 
teachers  and  students  of  this  subject  were  his  great  help.  Afterwards 
he  made  the  application  of  these  studies  to  his  chosen  profession.  It 
is  of  a  natural  evolution,  inclination  plus  opportunity.  Anthropology 
followed  odontology  in  its  application  to  man  in  its  natural  enlarge- 
ment. Archaeology  came  in  naturally  as  he  became  proficient  in  bis 
other  studies.    The  following  is  a  list  of  his  principal  writings: 

"The  Canines  in  Expression,"  "The  Career  of  Caries  of  the  Teeth," 
"On  the  Ultimate  Suppression  of  the  Teeth  in  Man:  Will  the  Coming 
Man  be  Toothless?"  "Dental  Etiquette,"  "On  the  Living  Cell  and  its 
Work,"   "Histology   of  Dentine,"   "Th(>    Evolution   of   Food   as    Inducing 

60 


the  SiibdivLsion  of  Mastication,"  "The  Dynamics  of  Denial  Occlusion," 
"Retiring  Address  as  President  of  Kansas  State  Dental  Association" 
(on  American  Dental  History),  "The  Potency  of  Food  in  .Modifying 
the  Masticating  Aijparatus  of  Animals,"  "The  Influence  of  Food  Se- 
lection upon  the  Evolution  of  Animal  Life,"  "The  Homology  of  the 
Dental  Tissues,"  "The  Conservation  of  Pulpless  Teeth,"  "The  Case  of 
the  Wisdom  Teeth  in  Relation  to  the  Hypothesis  of  the  Ultimate  Sup- 
pression of  the  Teeth  in  Man,"  "On  a  Method  of  Treating  Sensitive 
Dentine  and  Exposed  Pulps,"  "Notes  on  the  Antiquity  of  Man,"  "The 
Ideal  Filling  and  the  New  Departure,"  "The  Autonomous  Rights  of 
Races,"  "Indian  Find  Near  Topeka,  Kansas,"  "Dental  Education  as  a 
Science,"  "The  Question  of  Utility  in  Dental  Education,"  "Combination 
Tin  and  Gold  Fillings,"  "The  Use  and  Abuse  of  Amalgam,"  "Neuralgias 
of  Dental  Origin,"  "Present  Systems  and  the  Impending  Education," 
"Eclecticism  and  the  Extremists,"  "Dental  Ministrations  to  Children," 
"Scientific  Methods  in  Practice,"  "Cases  of  Absorption  of  the  Roots 
of  the  Permanent  Teeth,"  "The  Causes  of  Congenital  Defectiveness 
and  Deformities  of  the  Teeth,"  "Experiments  with  Cocaine,"  "Practi- 
cal Methods  in  Practice,"  "Heredity  and  Development  of  the  Teeth," 
"Pathological  Heredity  and  Gouty  Teeth,"  "On  the  Limits  of  Useful- 
ness in  Dental  Operations  and  the  Preservation  of  Unfit  Teeth,"  "Fill- 
ing Teeth  and  Filling  Materials,"  "Protoplasmic  Nutrition  and  Molecu- 
lar Metamorphosis  in  the  Dental  Tissues,"  "Dental  Sanitation,"  "The 
Uses  of  the  Cements  in  Dental  Practice,"  "Pathological  Heredity  and 
Congenital  Abnormalities  of  the  Teeth,"  "Does  Function  Control  the 
Evolution  of  Structure?"  "Dental  Anatomy,  Human  and  Comparative," 
"The  Personal  Equation  in  the  Dental  Profession,"  "Porcelain  Set- 
tings in  the  Teeth,"  "Animal  Ethics,"  "Gum-colored  Porcelain  Fill- 
ings," "Editorials,  etc.,"  "Dental  Morphology,"  "The  Face,"  "The  Ex- 
pressional  Services  Performed  by  the  Face,"  "Temperament  and  the 
Variations  it  Causes  in  the  Teeth,"  "Some  Phases  of  Dental  Practice," 
"The  Origin  and  Evolution  of  the  Human  Face,"  "The  Study  of  Com- 
parative Anatomy  and  its  Value  to  Dentists,"  "Scientific  Instruction 
in  our  Colleges,"  "Facial  Expression  and  its  Psychology,"  "The 
Descent  of  Expression,"  "Comparative  Dental  Anatomy,"  "The  Te^th 
of  Invertebrate  Animals,"  "The  Architecture  of  the  Upper  First  Mo- 
lar," "Evolution  of  the  Human  Face,"  "Cleansing  the  Teeth  and  Sani- 
tation of  the  Mouth."  "The  Dentition  of  the  Felidae,"  "The  Ethnology 
of  the  Face,"  "The  Grinding  Teeth  of  the  Herbivorous  Mammalia," 
"The  Pedigree  of  the  Central  Incisor,"  "Porcelain  Versus  Gold  Work 
on  the  Teeth,"  "The  Architecture  of  the  Face,"  "The  Physiological 
Limitations  of  Mechanical  Operations  Upon  the  Teeth,"  "A  Lesson  in 
Altruism,"  "The  Missing  Teeth  of  Man,"  "A  Study  of  the  Premolars," 
"Books  as  Tools  of  Science,"  "The  Progress  of  Moderate  Methods  in 
Dental  Practice,"  "Dental  Nomenclature,"  "Dental   .\natomy."  Chapter 

61 


in  "American  Medical  Text-book."  1895-6;  "Temperament  in  Relation 
to  Dental  Prosthesis,"  "Chapter  in  American  Medical  Text-book,"  1896; 
"Identifications  by  Means  of  the  Teeth,"  "Utilization  of  the  Mississippi 
Overflow,"  "The  Point  of  Contact,"  "Some  Studies  in  Relation  to  Mal- 
posed  Teeth,"  "Filling  Materials  for  Children's  Teeth,"  "Tooth  Forms 
in  Relation  to  Jaw  Movements,"  "The  Philosophy  of  Tooth  Forms," 
"Antiseptics  in  Dentistry,"  "The  Comparative  Method  of  Teaching 
Dental  Anatomy,"  "The  Ethnology  of  the  Teeth."  "Self-culture," 
"Teeth  as  Tools  and  Weapons,"  "The  Etiology  of  Gnathis  Abronmal- 
ities,"  "Mechanical  Abrasion  of  the  Teeth,"  "The  Evolution  of  the 
Complex  Molars  from  the  Simple  Cone,"  "The  Phylogeny  of  the  Fifth 
Tubercle  of  the  Second  Lower  Molar  of  Men,"  "Influx  into  the  Dental 
Profession,"  "Medical  Versus  Technical  Training  in  Dental  Education," 
"The  Cultural  Significance  of  Primitive  Implements  and  Weapons," 
"The  Comparative  Anatomy  of  the  Bicuspids,"  "Evolution,"  "The 
Stone  Graves  of  Tennessee,"  "Comparative  Occlusion  and  Ortho- 
dontia," "Ethnographic  Odontography,"  "The  Psychic  Emergence  of 
Man,"  "Employment  of  Tools  and  Weapons  by  the  Quadrumana," 
"Dental  Malpositions  Among  the  Ancient  Peruvians,"  "Ethnographic 
Odontography,  the  Ancient  Peruvians,"  "Ethnographic  Odontography, 
Some  Mexican  Tribes,"  "The  Beginnings  of  Culture,"  "Ethnographic 
Odontography,  the  Mound  Builders."  "Nomenclature,"  "The  Variations 
of  the  Molars  in  the  Ancient  Peruvians,  Mexicans  and  Mound  Build- 
ers," "Dental  Lesions  Among  the  Ancient  Peruvians,  Mexicans  and 
Mound  Builders,"  "Mutations  and  the  Evolutions  of  Man,"  "Culture 
for  Middle  Life."  "Jumping  the  Bite  in  Senile  Abrasion,"  "Anthropology 
and  Orthodontia,"  "Pre-Darwinian  Evolution,"  "Anthropology  as  a 
Science,"   "Anthropology  and  Dentistry,"  "Charles  Darwin." 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  (as  becomes  one 
whose  Scotch  ancestors  were  driven  from  Scotland  during  the  perse- 
cution), and  a  Republican  in  politics,  but  has  never  held  a  political 
office.  Dr.  Thompson  joined  the  Kansas  State  Dental  Association  in 
1872  at  the  first  meeting  after  its  organization  in  1871.  and  was 
elected  secretary  and  president,  serving  1875-76.  This  honor  was 
again  conferred  on  him  and  he  served  in  this  capacity  in  1881-82. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  old  American  and  of  the  present  National 
Dental  Associations,  the  American  Medical  Association,  the  Missouri  State 
Dental  Association,  which  he  joined  June  5tli,  1S72,  the  St.  Louis  Society 
of  Dental  Science,  the  Kansas  City  Ortontographic,  and  other  dental 
societies.  He  is  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science,  was  one  of  the  founders  and  a  member  of  the 
American  Anthropological  Association,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Ethnological  Society  and  the  American  Folk  I  ore  Society.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  section  ot  Dental  and  Oral  Surgery  of  the  Ninth  Inter- 
national Medical  Congress,  the  Columbian  Dental  Congress,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  fourth  International  Dental  Congress  at  St.  I^uis,  and 
is  at  the  present  time  honorary  president  of  the  Shawnee  County 
(Kansas)  Dental  Society. 

62 


EX-PRESIDENTS. 


HENRY  JAMES   BYRON   McKELLOPS,  D.   D.   S. 
First  President. 

Dr.  McKellops  began  the  practice  of  the  profession  when  scarcely 
half  a  dozen  dentists  had  offices  in  St.  Louis,  his  colleagues  then  being 
such  men  as  Isaiah  Forbes,  B.  B.  Brown,  Aaron  Blake,  Isaac  Corn- 
stock,  Edward  Hale,  Sr..  J.  S.  Clark  and  C.  \V.  vSpalding. 

All  of  these  men  had  passed  away  when  death  closed  his  career 
of  fifty-six  years'  active  practice.  In  that  time  his  reputation  had  ex- 
tended over  the  United  States  and  Europe.  He  had  contributed  much 
to  the  material  advancement  of  the  profession  of  dentistry,  more,  pos- 
sibly, than  anyone  else  in  St.  Louis,  and-  had  been  instrumental  in 
bringing  to  it  the  prestige  it  enjoys  as  one  of  the  learned  professions. 
H.  J.  B.  McKellops  was  bom  at  Saline,  near  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  on  Au- 
gust 31,  1S25.  His  father,  James  McKellops,  died  before  his  son  had 
entered  his  teens.  He  was  a  large  land  owner  at  one  time  and  the 
pioneer  manufacturer  of  table  salt  in  Western  New  York.  In  1840 
young  McKellops  came  to  St.  Louis  with  his  mother  and  sister,  enter- 
ing one  of  the  public  schools.  Active  and  intelligent,  he  soon  after 
obtained  appointment  as  a  messenger  in  the  Missouri  Legislature, 
when  General  Sterling  Price  was  speaker  of  the  House  and  General 
Marmaduke,  by  virtue  of  his  office  as  Lieutenant  Governor,  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate,  using  this  money,  the  first  he  ever  earned,  for 
tuition  at  the  University  of  Missouri  at  Columbia,  where  he  studied 
from  1842  to  1844.  He  next  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  took  a  course 
of  bookkeeping  in  Jones'  Commercial  College.  The  proprietor,  Jona- 
than Jones,  being  a  good  friend  of  his,  aided  in  getting  him  employ- 
ment in  the  office  of  John  M.  Parker,  the  City  Register,  where  oppor- 
tunity presented  for  forming  a  wide  circle  of  acquaintances,  valuable 
afterwards    when    he    entered    the    practice    of   dentistry.     Young   Mc- 

64 


Kellops  was  of  an  affable  disposition  and  soon  made  many  friends, 
among  them  Dr.  Charles  A.  Pope,  the  dean  of  the  old  St.  Louis  Medical 
College,  who  influenced  him  to  study  medicine  in  184G  and  1S47.  For 
the  next  six  years  he  attended  many  of  the  lectures,  but  never  took 
the  degree  of  M.  D. 

Through  th  persuasion  of  his  brother-in-law,  Dr.  George  Silvers, 
a  St.  Louis  dentist,  he  was  drawn  from  medicine  to  dentistry.  He 
opened  his  first  office  on  Fourth  street,  opposite  the  Court  House.  A 
desire  to  succeed,  natural  ingenuity  and  a  love  of  the  mechanical  arts 
soon  made  him  an  expert  operator,  and  soon  after  opening  his  first 
office  he  commanded  a  clientele  of  the  highest  class,  which  con- 
tinued until  the  end  of  his  professional  career.  -He  traveled  many 
thousands  of  miles  during  his  professional  life  to  attend  dental  meet- 
ings  to  impart  his  knowledge  and  demonstrate  his  skill  as  an  operator. 
He  was  equally  willing  to  learn.  In  1S5G,  when  Dr.  Robert  Arthur  of 
Philadelphia  was  exploiting  sponge  gold  as  a  filling  material,  McKel« 
lops  made  a  trip  to  that  city  to  learn  the  method.  When  "adhesive 
foil"  was  introduced  he  soon  became  an  expert  in  its  use.  He  is  the 
father  of  gold  and  platinum  heavy  foil  20-40  and  60  gauge,  with  which 
he  wrought  wonders.  Many  beautiful  examples  of  his  skill  are  stand- 
ing today  in  the  mouths  of  his  old  patients  as  monuments  to  his  ex- 
cellent manipulative  skill.  Among  his  students  and  assistants  were 
such  well  known  men  as  George  L.  Field  (Detroit),  J.  B.,  Wm.  N.  and 
Alex.  Morrison,  John  J.  R.  Patrick,  Edgar  Park  and  H.  H.  Keith,  all 
of  whom  afterwards  made  a  name  for  themselves  in  dentistry. 

'  In  1855  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Ohio 
College  of  Dental  Surgery  in  recognition  of  his  skill  and  services  to 
the  profession,  his  fame  already  having  extended  through  Missouri, 
and  eventually  through  all  the  states  of  the  L^nion.  A  sojourn  in 
London  and  Paris  from  1863  to  1865,  and  later  several  visits  to  Eu- 
rope, make  him  known  abroad  as  well.  In  London,  in  1864,  he  intro- 
duced the  use  of  the  mallet  in  dentistry  first  before  the  Odontological 
Society  of  London,  also  at  Paris  the  same  year.  Dr.  McKellops  also 
introduced  in  St.  Louis  the  use  of  continuous  gum  work,  invented  by 
Dr.  John  Allen  of  Cincinnati.  In  his  profession  he  was  studious,  in- 
ventive in  practice  and  always  to  the  front  in  every  step  of  progress 
in  dental  surgery.  He  had  a  standing  order  with  the  leading  dental 
depots  to  send  him  every  new  invention  put  on  the  market.  He  was 
a  subscriber  to  all  the  dental  periodicals  and  new  books,  and  pos- 
sessed, likely,  the  most  extensive  dental  library  in  the  world,  valued 
at  $20,000  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Also  a  large  collection  of  rare 
curios,  bric-a-brac,  instruments,  etc.  He  was  fond  of  fancy  dress  and 
had  a  hobby  of  collecting  and  wearing  fancy  neckties.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  had  some  2,000  ties. 

A  loving  cup  was  left  by  him  on   which  appears  the  following: 

65 


"Presented  to  Dr.  H.  J.  McKellops  by  the  First  District  Dental  Society 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  as  an  expression  of  the  high  esteem  and 
as  a  token  of  its  appreciation  of  the  inestimable  services  rendered 
by  him  as  Supervisor  of  Clinics  at  the  Annual  Meeting,  New  York 
City,  January  21,  1891." 

A  year  before  his  death  the  local  dental  society,  March  24,  1900, 
tendered  Dr.  McKellops  a  banquet  and  loving  cup  as  a  token  of  their 
appreciation  of  his  great  professional  services. 

He  is  admitted  to  have  done  more  than  any  other  dentist  in  St. 
Louis  to  educate  the  better  class  of  the  public  to  an  appreciation  of 
the  importance  of  the  care  of  the  teeth,  the  value  of  high-class  den- 
tistry in  contrast  to  low-class,  and  an  acquiescence  in  a  proper  re- 
muneration for  such  services.  His  influence  in  these  directions  will 
continue  to  be  felt.  He  was  the  first  dentist  on  record  to  advocate 
the  appointment  of  dentists  for  the  army  and  navy. 

The  observation  of  the  necessity  of  dentists  in  the  army  no  doubt 
prompted  Dr.  McKellops  to  introduce  a  resolution  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Western  Dental  Society,  held  in  Quincy,  111.,  on  July  21,  1858,  to 
the  effect  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  memorialize  Congress  on 
the  necessity  of  appointing  dentists  to  be  attached  to  the  army  and 
navy.  The  resolution  was  adopted  and  a  similar  resolution  passed  by 
the  American  Dental  Convention  in  August,  1859,  also  being  intro- 
duced by  Dr.  McKellops,  as  follows:  "Whereas,  Owing  to  the  great 
inconvenience  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  in  procuring  competent  den- 
tists, when  necessary,  and  knowing  the  difficulty  in  which  they  are 
placed,  being  stationed  at  distant  posts  and  places  where  it  is  im- 
possible for  a  dentist  to  visit;   therefore, 

"Resolved,  That  this  society  appoint  a  committee  of  five  for  the 
purpose  of  memorializing  Congress  on  the  necessity  for  appointing 
dentists  to  be  attached  to  the  regular  army;  and  that  we  recommend 
the  matter  to  the  consideration  of  the  general  Government." 

It  is  said  Jefferson  Davis,  then  Secretary  of  War  of  the  Federal 
Government,  favored  the  employment  of  dentists  for  the  army  and 
navy,  and  no  doubt  would  have  succeeded  in  bringing  this  about  at 
that  period  had  he  remained  in  office. 

Dr.  McKellops  married  Miss  Annie  Gower  of  Tennessee,  on  April 
4,  1849.  Eight  children  were  boi'n,  five  sons  and  three  daughters. 
Those  now  living  are  Henry  L.  McKelloi)s  and  Mrs.  Josephine  Bouvier, 
of  San  Francisco;  Linton  J.  McKellops,  of  St.  Ix)uis,  and  Dr.  Leo  G. 
McKellops,  of  Mazatlan.  Mexico. 

Personally  Dr.  McKellops  was  a  man  of  high  ideals,  convivial  and 
warm-hearted.  His  sociability  found  expression  in  the  field  of  his 
profession  in  the  organization  of  dental  societies  and  organizations, 
which  he  attended  far  and  near,  in  the  proceedings  of  which  he  al- 
ways took  a  leading  part.     He  was  President  of  the  American  Dental 

66 


Association  1878,  and  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental 
Society,  founded  on  December  9,  1856,  and  in  1879  served  as  its  Presi- 
dent. He  helped  organize,  also,  the  Western  Dental  Association  at 
St.  Louis,  April  3,  1856.  He  was  Corresponding  Secretary  of  this  as- 
sociation, 1857.  He  was  first  President  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental 
Association,  organized  October  31,  1865.  President  of  the  Southern 
Dental  Association,  1884.  He  was  also  a  constant  attendant  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  Association  of  Dental  Surgeons,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Kansas,  Iowa  and  Illinois  State  Dental  Societies. 

In  social  life,  no  less  than  in  his  profession,  Dr.  McKellops  was 
popular,  and  he  was  a  particularly  welcome  guest  at  social  gather- 
ings because  of  his  brilliant  powers  in  entertaining  as  a  speaker  and 
elocutionist. 

Dr.  McKellops  also  had  a  niilitar}-  side  to  his  career.  He  was 
Captain  of  the  St.  Louis  Cadets,  commissioned  by  Governor  Edwards 
in  1842,  and  in  1845,  at  the  age  of  twenty  years,  became  a  Captain  in 
the  St.  Louis  Legion.  In  1846  he  commanded  the  Morgan  Riflemen 
in  the  Legion's  six-months'  service  in  the  Mexican  War,  making  the 
noted  six-months'  expedition  under  Colonel  Alton  R.  Easton,  which 
included  New  Orleans,  Brazos,  Santiago  and  up  the  Rio  Grande  to 
Matamoras.  At  the  organization  of  the  St.  Louis  National  Guards  in 
the  early  fifties,  he  was  enrolled  as  a  member  and  elected  First  Lieu- 
tenant, and  served  in  the  riots  of  those  days.  Afterwards  elected 
Assistant  Adjutant  General  of  the  B^rst  Brigade  Volunteers,  First  Di- 
vision of  Missouri.  In  1858  he  marched  across  the  state  with  the 
expedition  under  General  D.  M.  Frost,  to  put  down  the  invasion  of  the 
"Bushwhackers"  and  "Jayhawkers,"  who  then  were  ravaging  the 
western  counties  of  Missouri. 

During  the  Rebellion,  in  his  house  was  stored  and  concealed  guns, 
ammunition  and  other  equipments  of  war  which,  when  discovered,  led 
to  his  arrest  by  the  Prevost  Marshal  of  St.  Louis.  Dr.  McKellops  was 
put  in  the  Gratiot  Street  Prison  and  commanded  to  take  the  oath  of 
allegiance.  This  he  refused  and  he  was  ordered  to  leave  the  city  or 
suffer  the  consequences.  This  he  did,  with  the  aid  of  a  troop  of  Fed- 
eral soldiers,  who  escorted  him  to  the  outskirts  of  the  city.  With 
several  others  he  procured  a  team  and  drove  westward,  bound  for 
California.  While  en  route  his  early  medical  training  came  into  play 
while  traveling  through  the  territory  of  Montana.  He  enjoyed  the 
distinction  of  having  delivered  the  first  white  child  born  in  Montana. 

He  returned  from  his  Western  trip  and  went  to  Europe,  where 
he  resided,  practicing  in  Paris  until  the  end  of  the  Civil  War,  when  he 
returned  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  continued  practice  until  his  death, 
April  23,  1901. 

Dr.  McKellops  was  a  man  of  much  individuality,  distinguished 
presence  and  of  the   strongest  personality,  ardent   in   his  beliefs  and 

67 


equally  so  in  his  prejudices.  He  could  love  well  and  hate  well.  He 
detested  the  shams  and  tricks  of  the  charlatan.  He  had  a  scrap  book 
full  of  advertisements  of  dentists  throughout  the  country,  and  his 
courage  never  failed  him  on  any  occasion  to  denounce  things  or  men 
who,  in  his  estimation,  were  dishonest  and  unethical.  His  exact  type 
probably  will  never  again  appear  in  dental  history.  We  may  say  of 
him  as  he  who  uttered  "Thou,  O,  Shakespeare,  to  our  wonder  and  as- 
tonishment hast  built  for  thyself  a  life  long  monument." 


68 


HENRY  E.  PEEBLES,   D.  D.  S. 
Second  President. 

From  the  dental  standpoint  Henry  E.  Peebles  was  the  man  of 
whom  Hubbard  would  say  "carried  the  message  to  Garcia"  in  Missouri 
dentistry.  Through  his  tireless  efforts  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Asso- 
ciation was  organized. 

Dr.  Peebles  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Rockingham  County,  Vir- 
ginia, February  10,  1S12.  In  1817  his  parents  removed  with  their 
family  to  Fairfield  County,  Virginia.  Here  young  Henry  spent  his  boy- 
hood and  grew  to  manhood.  At  the  age  of  22  he  attended  college  at 
Marietta,  Ohio,  and  acquired  a  classical  education;  following  this,  he 
studied  medicine  with  a  Dr.  Hyde,  of  Rushville,  Ohio.  Young  Peebles 
proved  an  apt  student  and  soon  acquired  a  practice  which  extended 
over  a  broad  scope  of  the  country,  his  visits  to  his  patients  being 
made  on  horseback.  During  his  medical  practice  he  formed  the  ac- 
quaintance of  an  itinerant  dentist,  who  encouraged  him  to  adopt 
dentistry  as  his  calling.  Being  a  natural  mechanic  this  work  appealed 
to  him,  and  he  soon  began  practice  at  Rushville;  while  here  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  V.  Linville,  of  Fairfield  County.  During  their  life  ten 
children  were  bom  to  them.  Hearing  flattering  reports  of  the  then 
"Far  West,"  Dr.  Peebles  removed  his  family  in  1842  to  Lexington,  Mis- 
souri, where  he  soon  acquired  a  good  reputation  as  a  practitioner  and 
as  a  citizen.  He  became  a  Mason  and  was  prominently  identified  witti 
the  Methodist  Church.  He  practiced  successfully  at  Lexington  for 
fourteen  years,  when  in  1856  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  where,  by  his 
force  of  character  and  skilled  ability,  he  immediately  commanded  a 
large  practice.  He  at  once  became  a  leader  in  the  profession.  His 
office  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Eighth  and  Locust  streets  became  the 
headquarters  and  gathering  place  for  the  most  prominent  men  in  the 
profession  in  St.  Louis  or  visiting  dentists.     Here  the  various  phases 

69 


of  dentistry,  both  practical  and  educational,  were  discussed.  It  was 
here,  at  some  of  these  gatherings  probably,  the  idea  of  the  society, 
the  college  and  journal  was  conceived  and  Henry  E.  Peebles,  of  gen- 
tlemanly and  scholarly  attainments,  a  man  of  great  energy  and  force 
of  character,  with  correct  views  on  educational  questions — a  leader 
of  men — was  the  Moses  who  led  the  profession  from  darkness  to  light 
in  this  particular  section,  and  did  much  to  bring  about  a  higher  grade 
of  literary  and  scientific  attainment  for  the  profession. 

Just  after  Dr.  Peebles'  removal  to  St.  Louis  the  local  profession 
organized  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society,  December  16,  1856.  Dr.  Peebles' 
name  appears  as  having  signed  the  constitution  and  by-laws  as  a 
charter  member.  He  was  president  of  this  society  in  1866.  Nine  years 
after  this  society's  birth,  October  31,  1865,  some  sixty  dentists  met  in 
St. .  Louis  and  organized  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Associaton.  To 
Henry  E.  Peebles  belongs  the  honor  of  bringing  about  the  organization 
and  his  name  alone  will  live  in  dental  history  as  the  Association's 
father.  He  personally  wrote  the  letters  of  invitation  sent  to  every 
known  reputable  practitioner  in  the  State  that  eventually  brought 
about  the  organization.  On  the  second  day  of  the  meeting,  evening 
session,  the  association  adopted  the  following  resolution,  in  apprecia- 
tion of  Dr.  Peebles'  services:  "Resolved,  that  the  thanks  of  this  as- 
sociation are  due  and  are  hereby  tendered  to  Dr.  H.  E.  Peebles  for 
his  constant  labors  to  effect  a  full  organization  of  the  dentists  of  Mis- 
souri into  a  State  Association,  he  having  commenced  the  labor  in 
July,  1864,  by  extensive  correspondence  and  consultation  with  the 
members  of  the  profession." 

This  resolution  was  also  ordered  "written  in  a  plain  hand,  signed- 
by  the  J)resident  and  secretary,  neatly  framed  and  presented  to  Dr. 
Peebles."  Possibly  there  was  some  delicate  and  hidden  "politics" 
played  when  Dr.  Peebles  was  appointed  by  the  temporary  chairman, 
Dr.  John  S.  Clark,  as  chairman  of  a  committee  to  nominate  permanent 
officers.  As  Dr.  Peebles  was  the  originator  of  the  association  and 
possessed  all  the  needed  qualifications  of  a  president,  he  seemingly 
should  have  been  the  society's  first  president,  but  as  he  was  selected 
chairman  of  the  nominating  committee,  the  committee  could  not  be- 
comingly nominate  him,  and  Dr.  Henry  J.  McKellops  was  nominated 
and  elected  the  first  president.  However,  at  the  second  annual  meet- 
ing, July  5,  1866,  Dr.  Peebles  was  elected  to  the  presidency. 

At  this  meeting  a  motion  was  made  that  "the  officers  of  the  asso- 
ciation be  considered  as  constituting  a  dental  college  committee, 
endowed  with  plenary  powers  and  instructed  to  report  at  the  next 
annual  meeting."  As  president,  Dr.  Peebles  was  chairman  of  this 
committee  and  wielded  a  marked  influence  for  good  towards  bringing 
about  the  organization  of  the  Missouri  DcMital  Collogr,  which  was 
chartered    Septemljer    16,    18G6,   beginning    ils    first    course    of   lectures 

70 


on  Octoljtr  1,  of  the  same  year.  Ur.  Peebles  was  one  of  the  incor- 
porators of  the  school  and  its  first  treasurer  as  well  as  tne  first  Pro- 
fessor of  Surf^ical  and  Operative  Dentistry. 

At  the  third  annual  meeting  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Asso- 
ciation a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Isaiah  Forbes,  H.  J.  McKellops 
and  Edgar  Park,  was  appointed  to  establish  a  dental  journal.  At  the 
next  (fourth)  annual  meeting  this  committee  was  changed  to  Drs.  H. 
S.  Chase,  H.  E.  Peebles,  H.  J.  McKellops  and  Homer  Judd,  who  "were 
appointed  to  organize  a  joint  stock  company  to  start  a  dental  journal, 
to  be  conducted  and  controlled  by  an  association  to  be  hereafter  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Missouri."  As  a  result,  "The 
Missouri  Dental  Journal"  was  organized  in  18G9.  Prior  to  this  date,  in 
1858,  "The  American  Dental  Review,"  the  pioneer  dental  journal  of  St. 
Louis,  had  been  established  by  Dr.  A.  M.  Leslie,  with  Drs.  H.  E. 
Peebles,  C.  W.  Spalding  and  Isaiah  Forbes  as  editors.  The  "Journal" 
was  short  lived,  however.  Dr.  Peebles  was  a  delegate  to  the  American 
Society  of  Dental  Surgeons,  also  to  its  successor.  The  American 
Dental  Convention,  of  which  he'  was  president,  at  the  eleventh  annual 
meeting,  held  at  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Va.,  August  1-3,  18G5.  He 
was  also  an  active  member  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Society  of  Dental 
Surgeons,  contributing  freely  to  it  both  in  papers  and  in  discussions. 
He  was  also  an  active  member  of  the  Western  Dental  Society,  whose 
membership  was  made  up  of  dentists  of  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Mis- 
souri. Of  this  society  he  was  recording  secretary  for  a  number  of 
years.  Dr.  Peebles  was  also  a  member  of  the  Southern  Dental  Asso- 
ciation, and  identified  with  all  other  professional  interests  that  would 
better  his  profession  in  his  day.  He  was  a  forceful  speaker  and 
greatly  inspired  his  hearers  at  social  functions,  commencement  exer- 
cises, etc.,  where  he  was  in  demand.  His  literary  contributions  found 
in  "The  Missouri  Dental  Journal"  and  "The  American  Dental  Review" 
are  few,  yet  those  few  are  well  written.  In  one  of  his  papers  he  rec- 
ommends the  filling  of  root  canals  with  plaster  of  paris. 

Dr.  C.  P.  Plattenburg,  of  Chicago,  a  student  of  Dr.  Peebles,  says: 
"Dr.  Peebles  was  a  born  aristocrat,  honorable  in  everything  and  would 
remind  one  of  the  old  cavaliers.  He  was  a  most  enthusiastic  dental 
society  worker  and  student  of  therapeutics,  and  as  a  speaker  always 
made  his  presence  felt  wherever  he  was.  He  was  a  fastidious 
operator.  He  had  as  office  partners  Drs.  Sylomans  Dunham  and  Jo- 
seph Payne.  Their  office  was  on  Fifth  street,  just  north  of  Olive,  and 
there  was  a  coterie  of  men  within  a  stone's  throw  which  could  not  be 
duplicated.  Among  them  was  Dr.  Blake,  who  would  remind  one  in 
appearance  of  Thomas  H.  Benton.  Round  the  corner,  on  Olive  street, 
were  Spalding,  Morrison  and  Eames.  We  made  the  most  of  our  in- 
struments in  the  laboratory,  and  we  could  get  up  finely-made,  well- 
temi)er(>d    instruments    with    ivory    handles    and    silver    ferrule-.      Our 

71 


favorite  handle;  however,  was  made  of  rings  of  leather  hammered  on 
a  plugger  or  excavator,  and  trimmed  and  polished.  I  have  since  seen 
something  similar  on  bicycle  handles  of  late  years.  Of  course,  every 
dentist  had  to  have  a  case  of  pearl  handled,  ruby  set,  impracticable 
instruments  for  show,  and  a  set  of  Chevalier  forceps.  Our  vulcanizers 
were  made  at  the  brass  w'orks.  The  first  modern,  up-to-date  vulcanizer 
in  our  office  was  a  'Hayes,'  and  it  w-as  a  nine-day  wonder.  While  I 
studied  with  Drs.  Peebles,  Dunham  and  Payne,  their  office  was  on 
Fifth  street,  just  north  of  Olive.  Between  1861-5  the  term  of  ap- 
prenticeship in  those  days  was  four  years  for  all  students.  Dr.  Peebles 
possessed  the  greatest  skill,  and  did  beautiful  operations,  although  he 
worked  under  great  disadvantages  with  no  rubber  dam.  no  automatic 
mallet,  and  with  pluggers  made  from  awls  by  myself.  His  fillings 
were  made  mainly  with  Abbey's  'adhesion'  foil." 

In  recognition  of  the  high  attainments  of  Dr.  Peebles  the  Balti- 
more College  of  Dental  Sui-gery  conferred  the  honorary  degree  of 
D.  D.  S.  upon  him  in  1850.  The  same  year  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental 
Surgery  honored  him  with  the  same  degree. 

Dr.  Peebles  had  several  students  who  were  a  credit,  both  to  him 
and  the  profession.  Among  them  were  Drs.  C.  B.  Plattenburg,  now 
practicing  in  Chicago;  John  R.  Mathews,  of  I^os  Angeles,  Cal.,  and 
J.  B.  Newby,  of  St.  Louis. 

Dr.  Peebles  died  at  his  country  home  at  Oakland,  St.  Louis 
County,  February  14,  1871.  of  erysipelas  and  typhoid  fever,  greatly 
mourned  by  his  family  and  professional  friends.  He  was  survived  by 
his  wife  and  two  daughters,  one  living  in  New  York  City  and  another, 
Mrs.  A.  M.  Flournoy,  of  Pasadena,  Califorjiia. 


72 


HOMER  JIIDD.   M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

Third   and   I'ourth   Prt-sident. 


The  published  genealogical  record  of  the  Judd  family  embraces 
over  1S50  names  up  to  the  year  1845.  Surnames  to  distinguish  fami- 
lies were  first  taken  m  England  l)y  men  of  rank,  and  were  gradually 
used  by  the  common  people  of  the  thirteenth  century.  Lower,  in  his 
"Essays  on  Family  Nomenclature,"  printed  in  London  in  1844,  sup- 
poses that  surnames  did  not  begin  to  descend  from  father  to  son 
among  the  middle  and  lower  classes  until  about  1300   A.   D. 

Lower  believes  that  the  surname  Judd  came  from  the  Christian 
name  Jude,  just  as  many  other  surnames  are  found  from  Christian 
names,  as  Peters  from  Peter,  Phillips  from  Philip.  A  person  called 
John,  the  son  of  Jude,  changed  his  name  to  John  Jude  or  Judd,  and 
the  latter  became  his  surname.  Judson,  meaning  the  son  of  Judd,  is 
a  surname,  as  also  is  Judkin,  signifying  little  Judd.  Judeaus  is  the 
Latin  for  Jew,  and  is  often  found  in  the  Latin  records  of  England 
as  Aaron  Judaeus,  meaning  Aaron  the  Jew.  In  the  "Rotuli  Hun- 
dredorum,"  or  Rolls  of  the  Hundreds,  made  by  commissioners  about 
1274  and  1275,  the  word  Judeus  appears  many  times,  a?  Leo  Judeus, 
Benedictus  Judeus,  Solomon  Judeus.  It  may  be  that  Judeus  here  is 
sometimes  used  as  a  surname.  In  these  rolls  many  surnames  are 
found  similar  to  those  of  the  present  day. 

There  are  certainly  two  Judds  in  the  Rolls  of  the  Hundreds  about 
1275,  viz.,  Henry  Judde,  of  the  County  of  Kent,  and  John  Judde,  of 
Oxfordshire. 

The  old  English  poet,  Ciower,  born  in  1320,  names  one  of  the  com- 
panions of  Wat  Tyler  Judde.  In  Rymer's  "Foedera"  John  Judd  ap- 
pears in  1529  and  1533,  and  he  seems  to  have  been  In  office  under 
Henry  YIII. 

73 


Sir  Andrew  Judd  was  a  "skinner"  in  London,  that  is,  a  dealer  in 
skins  and  furs.  He  was  a  son  of  John  Judd,  of  Tumbridge,  in  Kent. 
He  was  a  knight  and  became  Mayor  of  London  in  1550.  He  was 
wealthy  and  endowed  a  grammar  school  at  Tumbridge,  which  was 
called   "Judd's  Grammar   School." 

In  the  proceedings  in  Chancery  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  before 
1600,  John  Judd,  son  of  Richard  Judd,  Nicholas  Judd  and  William 
Judd  were  concerned  in  cases  relating  to  lands. 

The  Judd  coat  of  arms  is  described  in  Burke's  "General  Armory  of 
England,  Scotland  and  Ireland"  (London,  1842)  in  heraldic  language, 
which  few  understood. 

Judd.  (London  and  Tumbridge.  County  Kent.  Lord  Mayor  of 
London,  1550.)  Gules,  a  fesse  raguly  between  three  boars'  heads 
couped  argent.     (This  is  Sir  Andrew  Judd's  coat  of  arms.) 

Judd.  (Middlesex.)  Gules,  on  a  ducal  coronet,  or  a  cockatrice's 
wings  displayed  proper. 

Burke  gives  also  three  Jurte  coats  of  arms.  One  of  these  has 
three  boars'  heads.  Perhaps  some  of  the  Judds,  centuries  ago,  were 
hunters  of  the  wild  boar. 

Thomas  Judd,  the  first  of  the  line  in  the  Judd  family  in  America, 
came  from  England  in  1633  and  settled  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  was 
granted  a  home  lot  of  four  acres  of  land  August,  1635,  upon  which 
he  built  a  house.  He  was  also  granted  more  land,  August,  1635,  and 
admitted  to  the  freeman  of  the  colony  May  25,  1G36.  He  removed  to 
Hartford,  Conn.,  in  163(5,  traveling  through  the  wilderness  to  the  Con- 
necticut River,  where  he  was  also  granted  land.  Here  he  was  a  sub- 
stantial farmer  and  an  influential  man,  and  was  a  deputy  to  the  General 
Court,  May,  1647  to  1679.  He  then  removed  to  North  Hampton,  of 
which  town  he  was  one  of  the  selectmen,  1682.  He  was  also  deacon 
in  the  church  of  the  three  different  communities  in  which  he  lived. 

For  his  influence  and  service  to  the  colonies  he  was  connected 
with,  large  tracts  of  land  were  granted  to  his  children  and  grand- 
children several  times  between  1708  and  1730.  In  1662  the  General 
Court  granted  him,  for  public  service,  two  hundred  acres  of  land.  All 
of  this  proves  that  he  was  an  influ?nti:il  and  respected  citizen  of  the 
communities  in  which  he  lived. 

The  direct  family  from  Deacon  Thomas  Judd  may  be  traced 
through  the  genealogical  record  down  to  Asa  Judd,  who  married  Adah 
Sweet,  May  6,  1812.  They  livc>d  in  Tyringham,  Mass.  To  them  was 
born  a  son  named  Homer,  at  Otis,  Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts, 
March  29,  1820.  His  father  was  a  respectable  farmer  and  built  and 
operated  the  first  paper  mill  at  Tyringham,  Mass.,  and  represented 
his  town,   1841-45,  to  the  General  Assembly   from  Tyringham, 

Homer    attended    the   common    schools    of    the    neighborhood,    and 

74 


afterwards  enjoyed  the  highest  advantages  of  Lee  and  Worthington 
Academies,  and  had  as  a  fellow  student  Cyrus  W.  Field,  afterwards 
of  Atlantic  cable  fame.  At  the  academies  he  was  an  assiduous  student 
in  Greek  and  Latin,  and  also  became  proficient  in  French,  Spanish  and 
German,  besides  obtaining  some  acquaintance  with  Hebrew  and 
Sanscrit.  His  tastes  were  literary,  and  much  of  his  life  was  spent 
In  study  and  research. 

As  a  boy  young  Judd  spent  much  of  his  recreation  time  hunting 
and  fishing,  a  sport  he  followed  throughout  his  whole  career.  He  was 
one  of  the  expert  rifle  shots  of  the  country.  One  case  is  recorded 
when,  in  Colorado,  at  an  advanced  age,  in  the  last  year  of  his  life, 
with  five  shots  from  his  rifle  he  killed  five  deer. 

After  his  scholastic  course,  hearing  wonderful  tales  of  "the  Far 
West,"  he  went  to  Kentucky,  where  for  a  short  time  he  taught  a 
subscription  school  and  won  neighborhood  fame  as  a  "crack"  marks- 
man. Later  he  traveled  to  Missouri  and  followed  the  same  employ- 
ment in  Howard  and  Boone  Counties.  Tiring  of  the  monotony  of 
this  and  longing  for  better  things  in  life,  he  returned  to  Massachusetts 
and  studied  medicine-  with  Dr.  James  Welch,  of  the  village  of  Lee, 
and  took  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Berkshire  Medical  College  at 
Pittsfield,  from  which  he  graduated  and  received  the  M.  D.  degree 
in  1847.  Soon  after  he  went  to  Baltimore  and  took  a  private  dental 
course  with  Dr.  Cyreneus  O.  Cone,  a  talented  teacher  of  the  day,  and 
immediately  went  to  Ravenna,  Ohio,  where  he  practiced  medicine 
and  dentistry.  While  here  he  visited  Urbana,  a  near-by  town,  and 
practiced  dentistry. 

In  1849,  again  desiring  a  taste  of  Western  life,  and  warmed  by 
the  "gold  fever,"  he  started  with  a  wagon  train  to  California.  He 
was  appointed  train  surgeon  and  treated  his  companions  medically 
on  the  trip.  When  the  train  arrived  at  Santa  Fe.  New  Mexico,  Dr. 
Judd  determined  to  locate  there,  and  was  the  first  professionally 
trained  dentist  to  practice  in  that  territory.  After  remaining  there 
one  summer,  he  returned  to  Ohio,  subsequently  to  move  to  Warsaw, 
111.,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Charles  Coolidge,  a 
■  physician,  Dr.  .Judd  practicing  dentistry  and  medicine.  There  he  took 
a  prominent  part  in  all  matters  relative  to  progress.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  School  Board  for  several  years,  and  served  one  year 
as  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools.  He  was  also  active  in  the 
organization  of  the  Hancock  County  Medical  Society.  Dr.  Charles 
Hay,  father  of  the  late  Secretary  of  State,  John  Hay,  was  an  intimate 
and  professional  friend  of  Dr.  Judd's  during  his  twelve  years' 
residence  in  Warsaw. 

During  the  Civil  War  he  was  a  contract  surgeon  in  the  hospital 
service,  and  was  on  duty  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  Vicksburg  and  Fort 
Donaldson.      After   the    battle    of    Shiloh    he   offered    his    service    and 

75 


was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Missouri  Infantry,  and 
was  one  of  the  four  surgeons  charged  with  the  care  of  five  hundred 
wounded  soldiers  on  board  of  a  hospital  steamer.  Subsequently  he 
was  appointed  surgeon  of  the  Fortieth  Regiment  of  Missouri  Volun- 
teers, and  served  with  them  at  the  battles  of  Nashville,  Franklin  and 
Spanish  Fort.  He  remained  in  the  service  some  months  after  the 
close  of  the  war,  being  stationed  at  the  Huntsville  (Ala.)  Hospital. 
August,  1S65,  he  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  service  and  returned 
North  to  resume  his  practice. 

When  mustered  out  he  removed  to  St.  Louis  for  the  practice  of 
dentistry  exclusively.  It  was  here  he  did  his  best  work.  He  soon 
took  front  rank,  and  was  an  office  associate  with  Dr.  John  S.  Clark, 
one  of  the  most  progressive  of  St.  Louis  pioneers.  Their  office  was 
at  Sixth  and  Myrtle  streets. 

His  special  line  of  research  was  the  study  of  histology,  and  for 
years  he  served  on  the  section  on  histology  in  the  American  Dental 
Association.  In  the  proceedings  of  this  society  may  be  found  his 
papers  and  committee  reports  on  this  subject.  He  spent  much  time 
experimenting  with  the  microscope,  and  was  largely  instrumental  and 
very  active  in  organizing  the  St.  Louis  Mici'oscopical  Club. 

Dr.  Judd  was  ever  active  in  doing  things  to  elevate  the  profes- 
sion. With  Drs.  John  S.  Clark,  Isaiah  Forbes,  William  H.  Eames, 
Andrew  M.  Leslie,  H.  J.  McKellops  and  others  he  was  active  in  the 
organization  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  of  which  he 
was  elected  the  first  recording  secretary,  and  at  the  second  annual 
meeting  he  was  elected  president,  and  at  the  third  annual  meeting  he 
was  re-elected  to  that  office.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  society 
and  contributed  materially  in  early  days  to  its  success. 

Realizing  the  position  that  dentistry  was  one  day  destined  to 
occupy  in  relation  to  general  medicine,  and  prompted  by  a  desire  to 
advance  dental  education  in  this  section,  he  was  the  prime  leader 
in  organizing  the  old  Missouri  Dental  College,  the  first  in  this  section 
of  the  country,  and  founded  on  the  basis  of  a  medical  education  in 
connection  with  the  St.  Louis  Medical  College.  The  creation  of  the 
college  was  initiated  in  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  and 
the  college  was  the  offspring  of  the  association.  It  was  organized  in 
18CG  by  Drs.  Judd,  C.  W.  Rivers,  W.  H.  Eames,  H.  E.  Peebles,  Isaiah 
Forbes,  William  N.  Morrison,  George  A.  Bowman  and  others. 

Dr.  Judd  was  elected  dean,  a  position  he  held  for  seven  years. 
He  was  the  first  professor  of  the  Institute  of  Dental  Science  in  this 
Institution.  The  Board  of  Trustees  of  this  institution,  in  recognition 
of  his  efforts  in  organizing  the  college,  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Dental  Surgery  upon  him  in   1866. 

He  was  of  pronounced  literary  taste,  and  knowing  the  value  of 
a  dental  journal  as  an   educator,  led   him  to  take  the  initiative  in  or- 

76 


ganizing  "The  Missouri  Dental  Journal,"  of  which  he  was  the  editor- 
in-chief,  a  position  he  occupied  five  years.  He  was  assisted  by  Drs. 
Henry  S.  Chase  and  Edgar  Park,  in  charge  of  the  operative  depart- 
ment, and  William  H.  Eames  and  William  N.  Morrison,  in  charge  of 
the  mechanical  department.  This  journal  was  resuscitated  in  1884 
as  "The  Archives  of  Dentistry." 

Dr.  .Judd  was  a  concise  writer  on  dental  topics  and  wrote  many 
valuable  contributions  to  our  literature,  many  of  which  are  worth 
reading  today.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  newspaper  and 
wrote  some  descriptive  poems  of  merit.  One,  a  description  of  a  storm 
on  the  mountains,  published  in  a  Chicago  paper,  was  of  high  order. 

He  also  wrote  an  historical  sketch  on  "The  Battle  of  Nashville," 
realistic  in  detail  and  vivid  in  description.  Dr.  Judd  was  very  active 
in  local,  state  and  national  dental  affairs,  and  was  elevated  to  the 
highest  honors.  He  was  president  of  the  American  Dental  Associa- 
tion,'1868-69;  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  1867-68;  the  St. 
Louis  Dental  Society,  1869,  and  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  the  St.  Louis  Medical  Society,  the  St.  Louis  Academy  of 
Sciences,  the  St.  Louis  Microscopical  Society,  honorary  member  of 
the  California,  Iowa,  Sixth  District  Society  of  New  York,  and  the  Illi- 
nois State  Dental  Association,  which  he  w-as  active  in  organizing  and 
was  a  constant  attendant,  contributing  to  it  frequent  papers.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  first  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  of  Illinois, 
associated  at  the  time  with  Drs.  G.  V.  Black,  George  H.  Gushing,  C.  A. 
Kitchen  and  A.  W.  Harlan.  These  men,  and  Dr.  M.  S.  Dean,  of 
Chicago,  were  his  especial  friends  in  Illinois. 

Dr.  Judd  became  an  Odd  Fellow  in  1847  at  Ravenna,  Ohio,  and 
passed  through  the  chairs  of  his  lodge  at  Warsaw,  and  was  a  repre- 
sentative to  the  Grand  Lodge  at  Chicago,  1859.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Republican.  He  was  not  a  church  man  and  had  no  direct  religious 
affiliations,  yet  he  was  a  God-fearing,  righteous  and  moral  man  of 
much  dignity,  yet  full  of  subtle  humor,  loved  and  respected  by  those 
who  knew  him,  especially  by  his  professional  "confreres."  He  was 
fond  of  sport  with  rod  and  gun,  and  was  also  an  ardent  chess  and 
billiard  player. 

He  was  married,  March,  1853,  to  Miss  Emily  F.  Hodgen,  of  Pitts- 
field,  111.,  a  sister  of  the  famous  St.  Louis  surgeon.  Dr.  John  T. 
Hodgen.  Three  children  w^ere  born  to  them,  a  son,  Frank,  who  died 
in  infancy,  and  two  daughters,  ]Miss  Ada  M.  Judd  and  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Smith,  of  Florida. 

In  1880  Dr.  Judd's  health  failed  and  he  retired  from  practice  and 
went  to  Colorado,  where  he  was  interested  in  some  silver  mines. 
He  soon  after  removed  to  Mason  City,  Iowa,  thence  to  Upper  Alton, 
where  he  spent  his  last  days.  He  died  of  cancer  of  the  stomach.  May 
20,  1890,  aged  seventy  years,  and  was  buried  at  Pittsfield.  111. 

77 


Of  broad,  scholastic  mind,  natural  abilities,  zeal  and  integrity;  an 
eloquent  impromptu  speaker,  who  never  failed  to  interest  his  au- 
dience; a  leader  of  men  and  an  organizer  of  the  things  that  have 
elevated  and  bettered  his  chosen  calling — he  devoted  his  professional 
life  to  the  honor  and  advancement  of  his  profession,  and  with  the 
life  to  the  honor  and  advancement  of  his  profession  and  of  many  good 
deeds  as  an  active  professional  man  and  humanitarian  of  the  Civil  War, 
Homer  Judd  did  not  live  in  vain. 


78 


WILLIAM    HKNRY    EAMES,    D.  D.  S. 
Fifth   President. 

William  Henry  Eames,  son  of  George  and  Sarah  Norris  Eames, 
was  born  at  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  August  23,  1828.  His  ancestry  were 
English  and  among  the  Pilgrims  that  landed  at  Deadham,  Mass.,  in 
1630.  While  a  small  child  his  father  moved  to  Lee  Center,  Oneida 
County,  New  York  His  father  was  a  wagon  and  carriage  manufac- 
turer, and  was  a  public  spirited  man  and  interested  in  schools  and 
other  public  matters  in  the  community. 

William  Henry  Eames  attended  the  common  schools  of  Oneida 
County,  New  York,  and  then  entered  the  Clinton  Academy  in  the  same 
state,  where  he  graduated  at  the  age  of  18  years.  He  had  a  strong 
desire  to  enter  the  medical  profession,  but  before  commencing  his 
studies,  he  taught  school  for  three  years. 

In  1851  he  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of 
Michigan  at  Ann   Arbor. 

While  there  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Henry  Porter,  a 
prominent  dentist  of  Ann  Arbor,  and  became  interested  in  dentistry. 
As  there  was  no  dental  department  in  the  University  of  Michigan  at 
that  time,  he  went  to  Cincinnati  to  attend  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  where  he  graduated  as  D.D .  S.  with  honors  in  1853.  Re- 
turning to  Ann  Arbor  he  entered  a  partnership  jvith  Dr.  Porter  and 
remained  there  until  1857,  where  he  built  up  a  considerable  practice 
and  earned  a  high  reputation  for  skill. 

In  1855  he  married  Laura  M.  Scofield,  of  Clinton.  Mich.  In  1857 
he  removed  to  Lebanon.  Tenn..  and  practiced  dentistry  in  that  place 
until  the  fall  of  1862.  The  strife  and  turmoil  of  the  Civil  War  made 
his  stay  at  Lebanon  unpleasant.  Desiring  a  larger  field  of  operation 
he  moved  to  St.  Louis,  where  the  opportunities  were  naturally  much 

79 


greater,  and  it  was  here  that  the  real  work  of  his  life  began.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  and  charter  members  of  the  Missouri  State 
Dental  Association,  and  its  fifth  president,  1869;  also  served  the 
association  twelve  years  as  recording  secretary.  It  is  mainly  through 
the  efforts  of  Dr.  Eames  that  the  early  minutes  and  proceedings  of 
the  society,  from  1865  to  1883,  were  compiled  and  published  in  booklet 
form.  The  meeting  of  organization  of  the  Missouri  Dental  College 
was  held  at  his  house  June,  1866.  He  was  elected  the  first  Professor 
of  Artificial  Dentistry,  and  later  Professor  of  the  Institute  of  Dental 
Science.  For  twenty-eight  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  this  institution. 
In  all  of  that  time,  it  is  said,  he  never  failed  to  fill  his  lecture  hour. 
He  was  Dean  of  the  faculty  from  1875  to  1878.  He  was  President  of 
the  National  Association  of  Dental  Faculties,  1892;  President  of  the 
St.  Louis  Dental  Society,  1868;  President  Mississippi  Valley  Dental 
Association,  1873-4,  and  member  of  the  American  Dental  Association, 
the  Illinois  and  Iowa  State  Dental  Societies. 

He  was  for  several  years  associate  editor  of  "The  Missouri  Dental 
Journal,"  organized  in  1869,  and  editor  of  "The  Archives  of  Dentistry" 
from  1887  to  1890. 

His  writings  contain  a  vast  amount  of  exceedingly  valuable  in- 
formation. He  was  fond  of  both  music  and  art,  and  a  very  good  art 
critic.  Was  of  a  quiet,  even  temperament,  coupled  with  a  persistency 
that  knew  no  such  word  as  fail,  and  of  a  very  sociable  disposition. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church  and  for  many  years  was 
active  in  Sunday  School  work,  and  a  Republican  in  politics. 

He  died  in  St.  Louis,  March  29,  1894,  leaving  a  wife  and  seven 
children.  His  children  are:  Emma  Eames  Chase,  D.  D.  S.;  William 
S.  Eames,  architect;  Harriet  E.  Williams,  C.  Eva  Eames,  Mary  E. 
Smith,  Captain  Henry  E.  Eames,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Laura  L.  Eames. 


80 


JOSEPH  CARTER  GOODRICH,  D.  D.  S. 
Sixth   President. 

Ttie  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Amherst  County,  Virginia, 
April  14,  1S25,  and  was  the  son  of  Gideon  C.  and  Elizabeth  (Carter) 
Goodrich.  The  family  was  of  Welsh  descent,  and  on  his  mother's 
side  two  of  our  subject's  uncles  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  family 
has  been  represented  in  America  for  nearly  two  centuries,  and  many 
of  its  members  gained  distinction.  Our  subject's  grandfather,  Edmund 
Goodrich,  accompanied  his  father,  Thomas,  from  Carolina  County  to 
Amherst  County,  Virginia,  about  1732.  Settling  in  the  latter  county 
and  becoming  identified  with  its  varied  interests,  the  succeeding  gen- 
erations continued  to  make  it  their  home  until  the  removal  of  Gideon 
C.  to  Callaway  County,  Missouri,  in  1830.  Later  he  settled  in  Monroe 
County,  where  he  followed  the  occupation  of  farmer.  Young  Joseph 
gained  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  primitive  school  of  these 
counties.  His  father's  family  was  large,  and  in  early  life  it  became 
necessary  for  him  to  become  self-reliant  and  self-supporting. 

Prior  to  the  age  of  twenty-one  our  subject  resided  on  the  home 
farm.  In  1847,  when  in  his  twenty-second  year,  he  enlisted  in  the 
United  States  Regular  Army  for  the  Mexican  War.  After  less  than 
a  year  of  service  he  was  honorably  discharged  in  July,  1848.  On  his 
return  home  he  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  mother  for  two  years. 

His  acquaintance  with  the  dental  art,  as  then  understood,  began 
at  Danville,  Mo.,  under  Dr.  Socrates  Hubbard,  a  physician  who  had 
migrated  from  one  of  the  Eastern  states,  and  practiced  dentistry  on 
occasions.  Dr.  Goodrich's  own  independent  practice  began  in  Danville 
in  1852.  Here  he  practiced  seven  years,  then  removed  to  Wentzville, 
Mo.,  where  he  practiced  continuously  for  forty  years.  He  died  No- 
vember 29,  1899,  aged  seventy-four  years.     At  the  time  of  his   death 

81 


there  were  but  two  others  m  the  state  who  could  claim  to  have  seen 
longer  service,  viz.,  Dr.  James  A.  Price,  of  Savannah,  Mo.,  and  Dr. 
H.  J.   McKellops,  of  St.  Louis. 

Dr.  Goodrich  was  an  ardent  worker  in  the  interest  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Missouri  State 
Dental  Association,  of  which  he  was  elected  President  in  1870.  It  is 
probable  that  in  all  the  years  that  have  since  elapsed  he  had  not 
missed  more  than  half  a  dozen  of  its  meetings  since  its  organization. 
In  1890  the  Missouri  Dental  College  conferred  upon  him  an  honorary- 
degree  of  D.  D.  vS.,  which  honor  he  highly  appreciated. 

In  1857  he  made  a  full  set  of  teeth,  which  were  the  first  made  in 
the  counties  of  Montgomer}-,  Warren  and  Lincoln.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  energy,  well-informed  in  professional  matters  and  ranked  among 
the  most  prominent  members  of  the  fraternity  throughout  the  state. 
Dr.  Goodrich  possessed  exceptional  skill  as  a  gold  foil  operator  and 
in  prosthetic  work. 

Dr.  Goodrich  was  married,  first  in  1858,  at  Truxton,  Mo.,  to  Miss 
Ann  Franz,  who  died  in  1875;  secondly,  in  1879,  to  Mrs.  Maria  Wom- 
mack,  who  died  in  1897.  Of  his  eight  children — all  being  issue  of  his 
first  marriage — three  died  in  infancy  and  five  still  survive.  The 
youngest,  W.  G.  Goodrich,  D.  D.  S.,  of  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  was  for  many 
years   his   father's   associate  in   practice. 

Dr.  Goodrich  was  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  a  member  of  the 
Christian   Church. 


82 


JOSEPH  WILLIAM  LUCKIE. 
Seventh  President. 

Joseph  William  Luckie,  son  of  John  and  Mary  Luckie,  was  born 
at  Hopklnsville,  Ky.,  May  28,  1828.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and 
stock-raiser.  Young  Joseph  was  educated  in  the  country  schools  and 
worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War.  He 
entered  the  Confederate  Army,  and  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of 
Springfield.  Soon  afterwards,  while  convalescing,  he  studied  dentistry 
with  Dr.  T.  W.  Reed  at  Mexico,  Mo.,  where  he  practiced  for  thirty 
years. 

The  early  records  do  not  state  the  year  Dr.  Luckie  joined  the 
Missouri  State  Dental  Association.  However,  he  served  as  Corre- 
sponding Secretary,  1870,  and  President,  1871.  He  was  a  skillful 
dentist  and  mechanical  genius.  He  was  prominent  as  an  Odd  Fellow 
and  Mason,  fond  of  music,  and  played  the  violin,  and  was  keenly 
appreciative  of  all  that  was  beautiful  in  nature  and  art.  He  was  mar- 
ried April  25,  1865,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Sallee,  and  was  the  father  of 
eight  children. 

He  died  November  27,  1901,  from  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  and  was 
buried  in  the  Mexico  cemetery. 


83 


<fc^T 


JOHN  KING  STARK,  D.  D.  S. 
Eighth  President. 

John  King  Starlc,  son  of  John  Starlv,  was  born  at  Bowling  Green, 
Ky.,  in  1S30.  He  attended  the  district  school,  assisted  his  father, 
who  was  a  merchant,  and  studied  dentistry  with  a  preceptor  in  Ken- 
tucky. Here  he  practiced  for  a  time,  and  in  1853  removed  to  Inde- 
pendence, Mo.,  for  practice.  In  1855  he  removed  to  Kansas  City.  In 
18G2  Jamison's  band  arrested  him  as  a  Southern  sympathizer,  but 
he  was  released  upon  the  intervention  of  friends,  and  left  at  once  for 
Howard  County,  later  to  St.  Louis,  thence  to  Havana,  Cuba,  and  later 
to  Mexico.  While  there  he  made,  it  is  claimed,  the  first  set  of  vul- 
canized rubber  dentures  made  in  Mexico  City,  for  which  he  received 
$500.  He  returned  to  the  United  States  and  resumed  practice  in 
Kansas  City  with  Dr.  George  W.  Tindall.  This  association  continued 
until  1873,  when  his  son,  W.  T.  Stark,  became  associated  with  him. 

Dr.  Stark  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  a  charter  member  of  the 
Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  1865,  and  one  of  the  first  delegates 
chosen  to  represent  the  association  at  the  American  Dental  Associa- 
tion. He  presided  as  chairman  in  the  absence  of  President  Luckie 
at  the  eighth  annual  session,  Kansas  City,  1872,  at  which  time  he 
was  elected  President,  presiding  as  same,  1873,  at  St.  Joseph.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  City  Dental  Society.  Dr.  Stark  was 
one  of  the  organizers  in  1881,  and  first  Dean  of  the  Kansas  City 
Dental  College,  as  a  department  of  the  Kansas  City  Medical  College. 
This  institution  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.  Dr.  Stark 
was  a  skillful  operator  in  all  branches  of  dental  surgery,  and  of  pro- 
nounced views  on  all  professional  subjects.  Although  the  inventor  of 
several  dental  instruments,  he  did  not  believe  the  securing  of  patents 
on  dental  appliances  consistent  with  a  liberal  profession. 

84 


He  was  fond  of  music  and  a  discriminating  critic  and  performer 
on  several  instruments,  a  lover  of  nature  in  its  best  sense,  fond  of 
good  horses,  the  quality  of  which  he  was  a  good  judge;  a  member 
of  the  Episcopal  Church,  a  Mason,  Knight  Templar  and  a  Democrat 
in  politics.  He  was  married  in  1854  to  Miss  Vestine  Porter.  They 
had  two  children,  Maud  J.,  now  Mrs.  .T.  E.  Guinotte,  and  William  T.  D. 
D.  S.,  a  practitioner  in  Kansas  City.  His  second  wife  was  Miss  Ellen 
"White.     They  had  one  child,  John  Gage,  who  is  a  painter. 

Dr.  Stark  died  at  Kansas  City,  January  25,  1895,  at  which  time  his 
former  student.  Dr.  Charles  L.  Hungerford,  in  a  memoir  of  him,  said: 
"For  nearly  forty  years  a  practitioner  of  dentistry  in  Jacl^son  County, 
Missouri,  he  was  a  witness  of  all  the  great  epochs  in  modem  dentis- 
try. Commencing  practice  when  a  'kit  of  tools,'  a  bottle  of  mercury  and 
a  Spanish  dollar  were  the  dentist's  stock  in  trade,  he  lived  to  help 
and  foster  those  movements  that  have  placed  modern  dentistry  an 
honorable  "confrere"  of  the  learned  professions.  How  much  credit 
is  due  those  men  who,  struggling  against  every  disadvantage,  still 
pushed  their  way  in  advance  of  the  common  run,  we  of  the  modem 
dental  school  can  scarcely  appreciate.  An  original  worker  in  cohesive 
gold  foil,  long  before  the  telegraph  or  rapid  transit  made  possible  the 
interchange  of  professional  thought.  Dr.  Stark  built  contour  fillings 
that  are  standing  today,  living  testimonials  to  the  skill,  patience  and 
endeavor  of  the  man  who,  with  none  to  guide,  and  only  hand-pressure 
instruments,  and  gold  leaf  annealed  over  a  shovel  full  of  live  char- 
coal, could  achieve  such  splended  results.  Of  Dr.  Sparks'  professional 
attainments,  learned  in  the  hard  school  of  experience,  his  brethren, 
who  were  ever  anxious  to  receive  the  benefits  of  his  knowledge  and 
judgment,  speak  with  but  one  voice — that  of  praise  and  admiration. 
We  well  remember  his  parting  words  to  a  fellow  student,  'Go,  and 
may  God  speed  you  in  your  work.  If  you  cannot  make  it,  and  are 
hard  pressed,  remember  you  can  draw  on  me  for  any  reasonable 
amount.'  These  -were  words  characteristic  of  the  man  in  all  his  deal- 
ings. No  one  ever  came  to  him  with  open  heart  but  left  to  find  it 
full.  To  do  rather  than  to  say  was  his  guiding  motive  in  life,  and 
the  sum  total  of  these  deeds  is  the  eternal  monument  he  has  reared 
in  man's  memory,  in  that  temple  not  made  with  hands.  What  words, 
then,  can  we  use  to  voice  these  qualities  of  heart  and  mind  that 
endeared  him  to  all  who  knew  him?  We  who  have  been  his  pupil 
and  his  friend;  we  who  in  nearly  twenty  years  of  closest  association 
never  heard  him  speak  ill  of  a  brother  dentist.  To  him  jealousy 
was  unknown;  with  hand,  heart  and  purse  ever  open  to  the  needs  of 
a  weary  world,  he  sought  in  every  way  to  help,  encourage  and  sustain. 
The  young  student  found  in  him  a  patient  teacher;  the  man  of  prac- 
tice, a  fund  of  experience  that  seemed  inexhaustible. 

85 


"He  was  a  gentleman  of  the  old  'regime,'  to  whom  courtesy  and 
forbearance  "were  as  second  nature,  bred  in  the  bone  and  finding  ex- 
pression in  all  those  little  courtesies  of  life  that  smooth  and  make 
pleasant  its  rough,  and  stony  places.  Skilled  in  every  gentlemanly 
sport,  his  very  presence  seemed  to  exhale  his  love  of  nature  and  her 
kindly  ways,  .^enthusiast  with  rod  and  gun,  he  was  at  home  amid 
field  or  stream,  at  peace  with  all  the  world.  Stricken  down  in  the 
strength  of  his  manhood,  he  was  bright  and  cheerful  to  the  end;  and 
if  he  repined  at  his  fate,  he  locked  the  secret  within  his  breast  and 
no  word  of  complaint  ever  crossed  his  lips.  He  had  found  life's 
greatest  secret,  the  only  never-failing  source  of  human  happiness — 
to  do  good  to  his  fellow-men.  He  once  said  to  the  writer:  'My  boy, 
learn  to  love  your  work,  or  you  will  never  excel;  learn  to  love  it 
well,  and  it  will  pay  you  back  in  content  that  will  outweigh  your 
fees.'  He  was  an  indefatigable  worker,  ever  at  his  post,  prompt  at 
every  appointment  and  unresting  until  it  was  fulfilled.  His  personal 
magnetism  was  intense,  influencing  all  who  came  in  contact  with  him. 
The  soul  of  truth  and  honor,  he  was  ever  looking  to  the  light  and 
finding  good  in  everything." 


86 


JAMES   ALBERT   PRICE. 
Ninth    Persident. 


James  Albert  Price,  son  of  Nathaniel  H.  and  Nancy  Lee  Price, 
was  born  September  7,  1829,  in  Bedford  County,  "Virginia.  His  father 
was  a  planter  in  Virginia,  and  after  his  removal  to  Missouri  was 
Judge  of  Lafayette  County.  Young  Price  received  his  education  at 
the  Van  Doren  High  School,  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  the  Pleasant  Hill 
College,  in  the  class  with  Senator  Cockrell.  He  began  the  study  of 
dentistry  with  Dr.  H.  E.  Peebles  at  Lexington,  Mo.,  1850,  and  in  1851 
entered  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  where  he  remained 
a  short  time,  when  an  attack  of  "the  California  gold  fever"  caused 
him  to  go  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  Here  he  practiced  at  Shasta,  Sonoma 
and  Santa  Rosa,  Cal.,  until  1857,  when  he  started  east.  During  the 
fall  and  winter  of  1851  he  practiced  for  the  ofRcers  and  their  families 
at  Fort  Leavenworth  (Kan.),  then  Indian  Territory.  Dr.  Price  claims 
to  have  been  the  first  dentist  to  have  practiced  in  Kansas  when 
there  was  only  one  house  in  the  territory  outside  of  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, and  that  kept  by  a  half-blood  Indian  named  "Johnny  Cake," 
and  situated  half  way  between  that  fort  and  West  Port,  Mo. 

Dr.  Price  located  at  Weston,  Mo.,  in  1857,  where  he  practiced 
until  1896.  During  his  residence  at  Weston  he  served  one  term  as 
clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  when  he  removed  to  Savannah, 
Mo.,  where  he  practiced  until  September,  1905,  when  he  returned  to 
his  old  home  in  Weston.  When  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Associa- 
tion was  organized  in  18G5,  Dr.  Price  was  a  Colonel  in  the  United 
States  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  not  in  active  practice.  However,  he 
sent  a  letter  tendering  his  good  will  and  interest  in  the  association. 
He   became   a   member  of  the   association    June    2,    1809.    was    elected 

87 


First  Vice-President,  1872,  and  President,  1873;  Treasurer,  1874.  This 
oflBce  he  held  continuously  twenty-six  years,  until  1900. 

Dr.  Price  most  ably  served  the  association  as  the  Committee 
on  Law  for  years.  This  was  the  only  protection  the  registered 
dentists  had  in  Missouri  before  the  passage  of  tlie  dental  law  creat- 
ing the  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  in  1897-  He  is  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Kansas  State  Dental  Society.  Dr.  Price  took  a  prom- 
inent part  in  civic  and  secret  society  work  in  Missouri.  He  was 
Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  I.  O.  O.  F.  of  Missouri,  Repre- 
sentative to  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  Missouri,  Rep- 
resentative of  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge,  L  O.  O.  F.,  for  six  years.  He 
held  the  office  of  L'nited  States  Assessor  for  a  time,  and  in  1876  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  Weston  by  President  Grant.  He  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  School  Board  and  Mayor  of  Weston,  Mo.,  for  eleven 
years.  He  always  has  been  rated  as  a  high-class  operator  in  all 
departments  of  dentistry,  and  invented  several  useful  instruments, 
among  them  an  articulator  and  extraction  forcep  for  superior  third 
mclars.  In  1861  Dr.  Price  recruited  a  company  at  Weston.  He  was 
elected  Captain,  and  later  advanced  to  Colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Mis- 
souri Cavalry,  serving  five  years.  He  was  in  command  of  F'ort 
Leavenworth  eighteen  months,  and  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of 
Shiloh.  For  a  year  after  the  Civil  War  he  saw  service  fighting  In- 
dians in  the  Black  Hills. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Russella  E.  Wanier,  a  granddaughter  of 
Daniel  Boone,  February  5,  1852.  Six  children  were  born  to  them.  She 
died  in  1875.  In  1877  he  was  married  to  Miss  Martha  Adela  Gibson. 
On  his  return  to  Weston  in  September,  1905,  he  lost  his  sight,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  unable  to  practice  or  do  any  kind  of  work. 


88 


'iAl 


SAMUEL   BARNABAS    PREVOST. 
Tenth   President. 

Samuel  Barnabas  Prevost  was  born  at  Champlain,  Clinton  County, 
New  York.  His  father  was  Dr.  Samuel  Prevost,  a  dentist,  and  his 
mother  Mary  Loomis  Prevost.  He  studied  dentistry  with  his  father 
beginning  in  1859  at  Greenville,  Ohio.  Here  he  continued  until  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  in  the  Second  Brigade,  com- 
manded by  General  Summer,  with  whom  he  saw  service  in  the  opera- 
tions about  Harper's  Ferry,  Fair  Oaks,  Seven  Pines,  Harrison  Landing, 
Antietam,  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville.  He  served  until  the 
expiration  of  his  enlistment,  .Tune  30,  1863,  and  re-enlisted  in  the 
Twenty-first  New  York  Cavalry,  and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  under  General  Philip  Sheridan,  during  the  latter 
part  of  his  service.  He  was  Orderly  Sergeant  and  was  wounded  in 
the  knee  in  a  skirmish  with  Mosby's  men.  He  resumed  practice  in 
1867,  and  came  West  in  1870  and  studied  dentistry  with  Dr.  J.  K. 
Stark  at  Kansas  City,  where  he  has  practiced  for  nearly  forty  years 
and  is  at  this  date  (1909)  the  Dean  of  the  Kansas  City  Dental  Corps. 
He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  the  Kansas  City 
meeting,  .June  4,  1872,  and  was  elected  President  of  the  association  in 
1875.  presiding  at  the  twelfth  annual  meeting  at  Sedalia.  .June  T-S, 
1876. 

Dr.  Prevost  is  an  expert  operative  dentist  and  has  justiv  ac- 
quired the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most  skillful  manipulators 
of  gold  foil  in  the  country.  He  has  especially  excelled  in  gold  and 
platinum  and  gold  and  tin  in  combination. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  C.  Lytle,  August  30,  1868.  To 
them  were  born  two  children,  Harry,  D.  D.  S.,  and  Mrs.  Causil 
Lechtman.     August  30,  1896,  he  married  Miss  Mary  P.  Berry. 

He  was  a  charter  member  of  George  H.  Thomas,  G.  A.  R.  Post, 
and  for  many  years  active  as  a  Knight  of  Pythias. 

89 


CHARLES  WILLIAM  RIVERS,  D.  D.  S. 
Eleventh   President. 

Charles  William  Rivers,  son  of  Charles  and  Sarah  Stagg  Rivers, 
was  born  at  Jainesville,  Ohio,  September  15,  1828.  His  early  boyhood 
days  were  spent  at  Mariette,  Ohio,  where  he  attended  school.  Later 
he  lived  at  Baltimore  and  at  a  village  called  Newtown  (now  Stephens 
City),  Va.,  where  he  worked  for  his  uncle  at  tailoring.  He  lived  a  few 
years  at  Lynchburg,  Va.  In  1856  he  moved  west  to  Springfield,  111., 
then  to  Quincy,  III.,  Hannibal,  Mo.,  and  then  to  Pittsfield.  111.,  where 
he  first  began  the  practice  .of  dentistry. 

He  joined  the  Illinois  State  Dental  Society  May  12,  1868,  the  year 
Dr.  M.  S.  Dean  was  President.  He  came  to  St.  Louis  and  was  a 
student  of  Dr.  Isaiah  Forbes,  and  was  later  associated  with  Dr.  H.  B. 
Peebles  during  the  Civil  War.  He  attended  lectures  at  the  Missouri 
Dental  College,  from  which  he  graduated  as  D.  D.  S.  in  the  first  class, 
February  23,  1867,  and  located  at  Pittsfield,  111.,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  practice  when  he  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Associa- 
tion, June  6,  18G6.  He  did  not  move  his  family  to  St.  Louis  until 
1S72.  At  the  next  annual  meeting,  18(57.  Dr.  Rivers  offered  the  fol- 
lowing resolution: 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  by  the  chair  to  take 
into  consideration  the  necessity  of  the  establishment  of  a  Dental 
Journal  in  the  City  of  St.  Louis,  and  th^t  said  committee  make  such 
arrangements  as  they  may  deem  proper  for  the  early  establishment 
of  such  a  journal."     Adopted. 

From  this  "The  Missouri  Dental  Journal"  was  organized.  He 
was  one  of  the  delegates  chosen  to  the  American  Dental  Association, 
1868.  When  the  Missouri  Dental  College  was  organized,  1866,  Dr. 
Rivers  was   appointed   a   menilier  of  the   first   Board   of  Trustees.     He 

90 


served  in  this  capacity  until  1875.  During  the  session  of  1874-8  he 
was  Dean  of  the  faculty  and  Professor  of  Operative  Dentistry  the 
session   of  1874-5   in   this  school. 

He  was  elected  President  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Associa- 
tion, 1874,  and  served  as  President  at  the  eleventh  annual  meeting, 
St.  Louis,  JuiK'  1,  1S75.  He  was  TrL-sideiU  of  tlit-  vSt.  Louis  Dental 
Society,  1S74. 

He  was  married  August  5,  1850,  to  Miss  Emoline  Widdows,  of 
Stephen  City,  Va.  Seven  children  blessed  their  union.  He  died  of 
tuberculosis  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  November  13,  1877,  and  was  buried  at 
Pittsfield,  111. 


91 


GEORGE  ALEXANDER  BOWMAN,  D.  D.  S. 

Twelfth  President. 

George  Alexander  Bowman,  son  of  Joseph  and  Asenath  Bowman, 
was  born  at  Barnard,  Vt.,  June  6,  1839.  His  early  boyhood  was 
spent  on  his  father's  farm.  He  attended  the  common  school  in  the 
native  village,  and  also  had  an  academic  course  at  Royalton  and 
Newbury.  Vt.  Dr.  N.  W.  Gilbert,  an  itinerant  dentist,  visited  his 
father's  home;  his  exhibition  of  a  case  of  fine  dental  instruments 
and  some  skillful  dental  operations,  in  which  young  Bowman  was  inter- 
ested, was  the  incentive  that  led  him  into  dentistry.  He  entered  the 
office  of  Dr.  Gilbert,  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  October,  1857.  A  year's  tute- 
lage with  him  and  Dr.  H.  N.  Roberts,  rf  Ludlow,  Vt.,  was  deemed 
sufficient  to  enable  young  Bowman  to  bp^n  an  office  at  Canton,  St. 
Lawrence  County,  New  York,  October  8,  1858,  where  in  company 
with  his  brother,  the  late  Dr.  J.  A.  Bowman,  of  Minneapolis,  he  prac- 
ticed until  September  20,  1862,  when  he  came  West,  locating  at  St. 
Anthony's  Falls,  Minn,  (now  East  Minneapolis).  Here  he  stayed  a 
year  and  a  half.  In  May,  1865,  he  opened  an  office  in  Milwaukee. 
This  he  sold  in  October,  and  came  to  St.  Ivouis,  arriving  November 
9,  1865,  first  becoming  associated  with  Dr.  Isaiah  Forbes,  with  whom 
he  remained  four  years.  Here  he  has  practiced  to  the  present  time. 
He  assisted  in  organizing  the  Missouri  Dental  College,  chartered 
September  16,  1866,  in  which  he  was  the  first  demonstrator  of  pros- 
thetic dentistry,  and  for  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
and  of  the  Clinical  Staff.  From  this  institution  he  received  the  D.  D.  S. 
degree  February  22,  1867,  at  the  first  commencement  exercises.  He 
and  Dr.  A.  W.  French,  of  Springfield.  111.,  are  the  only  surviving  mem- 
bers of  this  class,  and  the  oldest  living  graduates  of  the  school.  He 
was    President    of    the    Missouri    Dental    College    Alumni    Association 

92 


in  1891.  Dr.  Bowman  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association 
June  4,  1867;  was  its  Secretary  1870-1-2,  Vice-President  1875,  and 
President  1876.  He  was  President  of  the  St.  I^ouis  Dental  Society  in 
1873.  He  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Illinois  and  Iowa  State 
Dental  Associations,  and  President,  of  the  St.  Louis  Society  of  Dental 
Science,  1908.  If  Dr.  Bowman  is  anything  he  is  both  an  optimist  and 
enthusiast.  Always  ready  to  learn  from  the  humblest  member  of  the 
profession  and  equally  ready  to  instruct.  He  has  always  been  experi- 
menting with  the  new  things  in  dentistry.  Of  an  ingenious  turn,  Dr. 
Bowman  has  invented  a  number  of  useful  instruments,  amongst  them 
a  gum  retractor,  which  preceded  the  present  rubber  dam  clamp.  This 
was  put  on  the  market  by  the  S.  S.  White  Co.;  also  an  improved 
clamp  forcep,  manufactured  by  S.  S.  White  Co.,  and  known  as  the 
"Bowman-Allen  forcep,"  as  well  as  a  mouth  mirror  and  cheek  re- 
tractor. He  was  one  of  the  first  to  use  gutta-percha  root  canal  points 
of  his  own  manufacture.  With  an  exceptional  skill  as  an  operator, 
he  has  done  much  to  ornament  and  enhance  his  profession.  His 
operations  are  all  of  the  highest  order  of  excellence. 

He  was  married  March  17,  1864,  to  Miss  Jennie  E.  Homer.  To 
them  were  born  George  Homer.  Birdie  Bell  (D.  D.  S.),  Jennie  Eliza- 
beth, Grace  Adelle,  Paul  Homer,  Ariadne  Josephine  and  Florence 
Hope. 

In  politics  Dr.  Bowman  is  a  Republican.  He  has  no  church 
affiliations,  believing  in  "the  fatherhood  of  God  and  the  brotherhood 
of  man"  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word.  In  secret  societies  Dr.  Bow- 
man has  been  a  "jiner"  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  (33  degree), 
and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Royal  Arcanum  and  Legion 
of  Honor,  in  all  of  which  he  has  filled  the  highest  offices,  and  been 
prominent  in  the  ritualistic  and  dramatic  work.  Possessing  a  fine 
tenor  voice,  he  sang  for  twelve  years  in  St.  Louis  church  choirs,  also 
took  a  prominent  part  in  amateur  operas,  oratorios,  etc.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  old  Philharmonic  Society  and  of  the  Oratoric  Society, 
as  well  as  of  the  St.  Louis  Club  and  the  St.  Louis  Jockey  Club. 

The  St.  Louis  Society  of  Dental  Science,  of  which  Dr.  Bowman 
was  President,  1908,  in  recognition  of  his  long  and  useful  career  and 
his  contributions  to  dental  surgery,  gave  a  dinner  in  his  honor  on  his 
golden  jubilee  at  the  Jefferson  Hotel,  October  8. 

After  the  dinner  the  following  program  was  carried  out,  each  of 
the  speakers  dwelling  on  the  splendid  service  and  devotion  of  Dr. 
Bowman   to  his   profession: 

Dr.  Edward  E.   Haverstick — Toastmaster. 

Dr.  Herman  Cassel — Dr.  Bowman  as  a  Friend. 

Dr.  A.  H.  Fuller — Absent  Ones. 

Dr.  E.  P.  Dameron — Dr.  Bowman  as  Young  as  Ever. 

93 


Dr.  Frank  O.  Hetrick,  Ottawa,  Kansas — A  Good  Investment. 

Dr.  Charles  L.  Hungerford,  Kansas  City — The  Ladies. 

Dr.  John  D.  Patterson,  Kansas  City — Golden  Days  of  Youth. 

Dr.  Burton  Lee  Thorpe — Our  Guest,  and  Why  we  Honor  Him. 

The  last  speaker  presented,  in  behalf  of  the  Society,  a  beautiful 
cut  glass  loving  cup,  which  was  filled  and  all  present  drank  to  the 
health,  future  happiness  and  prosperity  of  Dr.  Bowman,  who  his  "con- 
freres" hope  will  be  spared  for  many  years  of  useful  service  to  his 
calling. 

The  Kansas  City  Dental  Society  and  the  Kansas  City  Odonto- 
graphies also  entertained  Dr.  Bowman  and  Dr.  A.  H.  Fuller  with  a 
dinner  October  16  and  17,  1908. 


94 


GEORGE   WIT.LIAM   TINDALL. 
Thirteenth  President. 

The  death  of  Dr.  Tindall,  the  last  surviving  organizer  of  the  Mis- 
souri State  Dental  Association,  occurred  April  3,  1908,  at  his  resi- 
dence in  Kansas  City. 

George  William  Tindall,  the  son  of  James  and  Barbara  Tindall. 
sturdy  farmer  folk,  was  born  in  Howard  County,  Mo.,  February,  1832. 
He  obtained  his  early  education  in  the  country  schools  of  Howard 
and  Grundy  Counties,  and  became  a  clerk  in  a  general  merchandise 
store  in  St.  Joseph.  He  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  H.  E.  Peebles, 
then  a  practicing  dentist  at  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  afterwards  a  prom- 
inent practitioner  in  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  largely  instrumental  in 
organizing  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  October  31,  1865. 
Dr.  Tindall  entered  Dr.  Peebles'  office  as  a  student  at  Lexington, 
September,  1853,  afterwards,  1854,  attended  one  session  at  the  Ohio 
College  of  Dental  Surgery  at  Cincinnati,  but  did  not  graduate. 

February  5,  1855,  he  began  practice  in  Kansas  City,  establishing 
the  first  dental  office  there.  Here  he  continued  practice  fifty-three 
years,  until  his  death.  In  1865  he  became  associated  with  Dr.  J.  K. 
Stark  as  a  partner.     This  partnership  lasted  until  1873. 

He  was  present  at  the  meeting  of  organization  of  the  Missouri 
State  Dental  Association,  St.  Louis,  October  31,  1SG5,  and  was  one  of 
a  committee  of  five  appointed  to  nominate  the  permanent  officers  of 
the  association,  and  also  selected  as  one  of  the  delegates  to  the 
American  Dental  Association. 

At  the  second  annual  meeting  he  was  elected  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent. For  four  years  following  ill  health  prevented  his  attendance. 
However,  he  was  elected  President  in  1877  and  ably  served  in  this 
capacity  at  Sweet  Springs  in  1878. 

In  response  to  a  letter  from  Dr.  Thorpe  regarding  the  early  his- 

95 


torj-  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association.  Dr.  Tindall  says:  "'Dr. 
J.  K.  Stark  and  myself,  who  were  then  partners,  received  a  letter  from 
Dr.  H.  E.  Peebles  (who  had  been  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Stark  along 
in  the  early  fifties,  and  also  with  myself  in  1855,  up  to  the  time  the 
war  broke  out),  asking  Stark  and  myself  to  come  to  St.  Louis  to 
help  form  a  state  society.  We  both  went  down.  When  we  got  there 
we  found  the  dentists  all  at  loggerheads.  There  was  a  great  deal  of 
ill  feeling  and  animosity  existing,  and  prospects  for  harmonizing  them 
seemed  very  remote.  However,  we,  with  Dr.  M.  McCoy,  of  Boonville, 
and  some  other  country  dentists  went  to  work  to  try  to  make  peace 
between  them.  This  took  a  day  or  two.  We  saw  Drs.  Peebles,  Forbes, 
Blake,  Spalding,  McKellops,  Barron,  Sloan  and  others  and  had  a  con- 
ference with  them.  They  agreed  to  make  up  their  differences  and 
misunderstandings  and  go  into  a  meeting  and  form  an  association. 
After  they  got  together  we  had  pretty  smooth  sailing,  and  the  asso- 
ciation was  formed  and  the  Code  of  Ethics  of  the  American  Dental 
Association  was  adopted.  Dr.  McKellops  was  elected  the  first  Presi- 
dent.    We  had  an  interesting  meeting  and  were  all  benefited  by  it." 

Dr.  Tindall  was'one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Kansas  City  Dental 
Society,  1867,  and  served  as  its  first  President.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  American  Dental  Association  and  the  Kansas  State  Dental  Society. 

Dr.  Tindall  was  married  July  14,  1858,  to  Miss  Marie  Macartney. 
To  them  were  born  Charles  M.,  Mary  Louise,  Laura  Lee  and  George 
W.,  Jr. 

Dr.  Charles  L.  Hungerford.  in  a  recent  memorial  of  Dr.  Tindall, 
has  beautifully  said: 

•  "Nay.  but  as  when  one  layeth 
■  His  worn-out  robes  away, 
•^nd  taking  new  ones,  sayeth, 
'These  will  I  wear  today.' 
So  putteth  by,  the  spirit 

Lightly  its  garb  of  flesh. 
And   passeth   to  inherit 
A  residence  afresh." 

"So  passed  behind  the  scenes  the  warrior  soul  of  Dr.  George  W. 
Tindall.  On  life's  great  stage  he  played  the  hero  to  the  last  drop  of 
the  curtain.  For  fifty  years  a  pioneer  in  the  field  of  dentistry,  he  was 
the  last  surviving  link  in  the  West  between  the  old  order  of  the  ages 
and  the  new.  With  hand  and  heart  devoted  to  his  calling,  his  influ- 
ence has  left  an  indelible  imprint  for  those  high  ideals  of  professional 
conduct  to  which  we  all  aspire.  For  fifty  years  his  hand  has  been 
outstretched  to  all  in  kindly,  helpful  greeting;  for  fifty  years  a  loving 
husband,   father,   friend.     Who   shall    say   his   life   was   not  complete? 

96 


standing  iii  his  age  and  streiii^th  upon  the  shining  heights,  sur- 
rounded by  all  that  makes  life  dear  shrouding  him  in  their  shining 
folds,  have  borne  him  to  that  fair  land  across  the  seas  and  far  be- 
yond, but  more  beautiful  than  all,  we  still  can  hear  his  voice  calling 
back  to  us,  'Be  faithful  even  unto  the  end.'  The  mists  still  gather, 
darkness:  then  the  dawn,  and  then  tomorrow,  and  yet  again  tomor- 
row." 


97 


ALBERT  HOMER  FULLER,  D.  D.  S.,  M.  D. 

Fourteenth  President. 

Albert  Homer  Fuller,  son  of  Albert  and  Julia  Judd  Fuller,  was 
born  at  Sandlsfield,  Berkshire  County,  Mass.,  October  14,  1841.  His 
father  was  at  first  engaged  in  merchandizing,  but  in  1850  purchased 
a  paper  mill  in  Fairhaven,  Vt.,  where  he  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  paper,  under  the  firm  name  of  "Fuller  &  Sweet."  Later  he  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  saw  mills  and  mill  machinery  at  Warsaw,  111., 
where  he  died  in  1880. 

'  Young  Albert  attended  school  at  Castleton  Seminary,  Castleton, 
Vt;  Troy  Conference  Academy,  Poultney,  Vt.,  and  Granville  Academy, 
North  Granville,  N.  Y.  Following  this  he  taught  school  until  1862. 
The  Civil  War  breaking  out.  he  enlisted  and  served  until  its  close 
with  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighteenth  Illinois  Infantry,  taking  part 
in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  other  operations  under  Sherman  and 
Grant,  retiring  as  Second  Lieutenant  of  Company  E.  After  the  close 
of  the  war  he  came  to  St.  Louis  and  entered  the  office  of  his  uncle, 
Dr.  Homer  Judd,  as  a  student  of  medicine  and  dentistry.  He  at- 
tended lectures  at  the  St.  Louis  Medical  College,  from  which  he  re- 
ceived the  M.  D.  degree  in  1871,  and  the  D.  D.  S.  degree  from  the 
Missouri  Dental  College  in  1871,  and  practiced  continuously  for 
forty  years  in  the  City  of  St.  Louis,  until  1909,  when  he  retired. 

Dr.  Fuller  became  a  member  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Asso- 
ciation June  7,  1871,  and  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the  Missouri  Dental 
College,  1873,  and  at  once  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  association's 
proceedings — committee  work,  discussions  and  reading  papers  and 
as  a  clinician.  He  was  elected  President  of  the  Association  at  Sweet 
Springs  June  4,  1878,  and  presided  at  the  fifteenth  annual  meeting 
at  Sweet  Springs,  June  3-5,  1879.    Dr.  Fuller  has  received  many  honors 

98 


at  the  hands  of  his  professional  confreres.  He  was  President  of  the 
St.  Louis  Dental  Society,  1878,  and  was  an  active  member  in  it  until 
1903,  when  he  resigned  with  others  who  became  disgusted  with  the 
lack  of  enthusiasm  and  the  political  methods  of  those  who  dominated 
the  society.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  first  President  of  the 
St.  Louis  Society  of  Dental  Science,  1900;  Treasurer  American  Dental 
Association,  1887  to  1898;  Corresponding  member  Illinois  State  Dental 
Society,  honorary  member  Iowa  State  Dental  Society,  member  Na^ 
tional  Dental  Association. 

Probably  Dr.  F\iller's  greatest  work  was  done  as  a  teacher  in  the 
Missouri  Dental  College.  Immediately  following  his  graduation  in 
1871,  he  was  appointed  demonstrator  of  surgical  and  operative  den- 
tistry. In  1874  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Mechanical  Dentistry, 
1879  Professor  of  Operative  Dentistry.  This  chair  he  filled  continu- 
ously until  1901,  when  he  resigned  and  was  made  Emeritus  Professor 
of  Operative  Dentistry.  In  1873  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Fac- 
ulty and  continued  in  this  capacity  until  1899.  At  the  death  of  Dr.  H. 
H.  Mudd  he  succeeded  to  the  oflSce  of  Dean,  serving  as  such  until 
1901,  when  he  resigned  from  the  faculty. 

Dr.  Fuller  has  written  many  papers  on  various  subjects  read  be- 
fore dental  societies  and  published  in  our  professional  periodicals. 
He  first  made,  used  and  exhibited  the  flexible  wrist  now  found  on 
cable  dental  engines. 

He  was  married  in  1874  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Darst.  Three  children 
were  born  to  them,  Alfred,  D.  D.  S.;  Homer  A.  and  Helen  J. 


99 


CALVIN  BLYTHE   HEWITT,  D.  D.  S. 
Fifteenth  President. 

Calvin  Blythe  Hewitt,  the  son  of  John  and  Hephazibah  Hewitt, 
was  born  March  22,  1847,  in  Huntingdon  County,  Pennsylvania.  His 
boyhood  was  spent  on  his  father's  farm.  He  attended  the  common 
school,  and  later  the  Pine  Grove  Academy,  and  followed  the  vocation 
of  farming.  In  18G6  he  began  the  study  of  dentistry  with  Dr.  R.  B. 
Moore,  at  Mooresville,  Huntingdon  County,  Pa.,  and  in  1868  located 
at  Kansas  City,  where  he  continued  practice  until  1900,  when  he  re- 
tired from  practice  and  removed  to  his  country  place  near  Kansas 
City,  where  he  still  resides. 

He  commanded  a  large  practice  and  was  noted  for  his  high-grade 
gold  work.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  of  papers  to  the  "Western 
Dental  Journal." 

In  1881  he,  in  conjunction  with  Drs.  Patterson,  Hungerford,  Stark 
and  Pearson,  organized  the  Kansas  City  Dental  College,  in  which  he 
ably  filled  the  chair  as  Professor  of  Clinical  Dentistry,  and  from  which 
he  received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.,  1888. 

He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  June  5,  1877,  and 
was  elected  its  President.  In  this  capacity  he  served  at  the  fifteenth 
meeting  at  Sweet  Springs,  June  4,  1879. 

He  also  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  State  Dental  Society  and 
the  Kansas  City.  Denjtal.  .Society.         ,  .    i  .    . 

He  -^aa  msavie^  DecemJber  30,.'1875r iq  Tjliss  Kate  W.  Shaffer. 


100 


JOHN  GEDDES  HARPER,  D.  D.  S. 
Sixteenth  President. 

John  Geddes  Harper,  the  son  of  James  Wilson  and  Mary  Ann 
Lj'dick  Harper,  was  born  in  Crawford  County,  Ohio,  April  18,  1848. 
His  boyhood  was  spent  on  his  father's  farm,  and  his  early  education 
obtained  from  the  common  schools  in  Illinois  and  Minnesota,  and 
later  at  the  State  University  of  Minnesota.  Following  this  he  taught 
school  and  clerked.  Seeing  the  advertisement  of  Dr.  Joseph  A.  Bow- 
man (a  brother  of  Dr.  George  A.  Bowman,  of  St.  Louis)  in  a  Minne- 
apolis newspaper,  he  applied  for  the  position,  was  accepted  and  en- 
tered his  office  as  a  student  May  1,  1873.  Here  he  remained  seven- 
teen months.  He  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1874  and  entered  the  Mis- 
souri Dental  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1877,  after  which 
he  attended  the  St.  Louis  Medical  College  two  years  of  a  three  years' 
course. 

Dr.  Harper  invented  a  rubber  dara  weight  and  contributed  a  num- 
ber of  papers  to  the  dental  journals.  He  was  associate  editor  of  "The 
Archives  of  Dentistry"  from  1884  to  1890,  and  editor  of  same  for  1891. 

He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  June  4.  1878, 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee  1879,  and  Presi- 
dent 1880,  Corresponding  Secretary  1881,  and  Recording  Secretary  for 
five  years.  He  was  Recording  Secretary  for  five  years,  beginning 
1876,  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society,  and  served  three  years  as  Presi- 
dent of  same,  i.  e.,  1883.  1890  and  1898,  respectively,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Dental  Association,  the  Illinois  State  Dental 
Society  and  the  Missouri  Dental  College  Alumni  Association,  of  which 
he  was  President. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Houston  in  1879.  To  them  five 
children  were  born. 

101 


CHARLES   HAMMOND  DARBY,  D.   D.    S. 
Seventeenth  President. 

Charles  Hammond  Darby  was  born  July  2,  1844,  at  Green,  Che- 
nago  County,  New  York.  His  parents  were  Rev.  Chauncey  Darby,  a 
Baptist  minister  of  English  descent,  who  married  Mary  Ann  Short, 
of  Quaker  descent. 

Young  Darby  received  his  preliminary  education  at  the  Cincinatus 
Academy,  New  York,  and  at  the  Normal  School  at  Homer,  N.  Y.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  entered  the  United  States  Armory 
at  Springfield,  Mass.  Here  he  served  two  years,  manufacturing 
Springfield  rifles.  This  preliminary  training  greatly  developed  his  me- 
chanical dexterity.  In  1864  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Ranson  Walker 
at  Owego,  N.  Y.,  as  a  student.  Here  he  remained  one  year.  His 
brother,  Dr.  Edwin  T.  Darby,  now  of  Philadeli)hia,  had  preceded  him 
as  a  student  with  Dr.  Walker,  and  his  cousin,  Dr.  Frank  B.  Darby, 
now  of  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  succeeded  him  with  the  same  preceptor.  In 
1865  he  began  practice  at  Marion,  Wayne  County,  N.  Y.,  where  his 
parents  resided.  Soon  after  his  family  moved  to  Fairfield,  la.  Here 
he  practiced  nine  months,  until  June,  1866,  when  he  removed  to  St. 
Joseph  and  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Robert  Gunn,  who  had 
formerly  lived  at  Lockport,  N.  Y.  In  1877  ho  formed  a  partnership 
with  Dr.  J.  M.  Austin.  This  association  continued  for  nineteen  years. 
When  Dr.  Darby  located  at  St.  Joseph  there  were  but  three  dental 
offices  in  the  city.  He  there  introduced  the  first  dental  engine,  the 
first  rubber  dam  and  the  first  nitrous-oxide  gas  outfit  ever  seen  or 
used  in  that  section  of  the  country.  At  the  thirty-fifth  anniversary  of 
the  Chicago  Dental  Society,  Dr.  Darby  demonstrated  the  uses  of  the 
Jenkins  porcelain,  the  first  time  it  was  shown  in  the  West. 

Dr.  Darby  probably  has  the  best  equipped  dental  office  in  Mis- 
souri.     Ill  ( )c'(ol)fr,  1X66,   he  went  to  IMiiladelphia,  where  he  took  a  course 

102 


of  lectures  at  the  Pennsylvania  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  from 
which  he  received  the  D.  D.  S.  degree,  1867. 

Dr.  Darby  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  June  5, 
1872,  at  Kansas  City,  the  same  day  as  did  Drs.  A.  H.  Thompson,  of 
Topeka,  and  J.  D.  Patterson,  of  Lawrence,  Kan.  Dr.  Darby  at  once 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  discussions  and  was  a  constant  con- 
tributor of  papers  and  clinics  for  years.  He  was  elected  second  Vice- 
President,  1873  ;    fii'st  Vice-President,  1879,  and  President,  1881. 

Dr.  Darby  is  also  a  member  of  the  National  Dental  Association, 
the  Kansas  State  Dental  Society,  the  Interstate  and  Delta  Sigma 
Delta  Dental  Fraternities,  the  Kansas  City  Odontographies,  of  which 
he  was   President  in  1905. 

In  1880  Dr.  Darby  was  married  to  Mrs.  Ada  Leonard  Hawks  (the 
widow  of  Bishop  Hawks,  the  first  Episcopal  bishop  of  Missouri). 
They  have  one  daughter.  Mrs.  Darby  was  born  and  reared  at  Fayette, 
Howard  County,  Mo.,  and  was  the  daughter  of  Abiel  Leonard,  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Missouri. 

Dr.  Darby  has  stood  for  the  highest  in  ethics  and  ideals  in  den- 
tistry. With  his  skill,  fastidiousness  and  his  gentlemanly  demeanor 
he  won  for  himself  the  most  exclusive  clientel  and  hosts  of  friends 
in  the  profession. 


103 


JOHN  WESLEY   REED,   D.   D.   S. 
Eighteenth  President. 

John  Weslej'  Reed,  son  of  John  and  Prudence  Reed,  was  born 
March  27,  1838.  in  Boone  County,  Missouri.  His  father  was  a  farmer. 
He  was  educated  in  the  country  schools,  and  at  the  Missouri  State 
University  at  Columbia.  He  commenced  the  study  of  dentistry  with 
his  brother.  Dr.  T.  W.  Reed,  at  Mexico,  later  took  a  course  of  lec- 
tures at  the  Pennsylvania  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1877.  He  returned  to  Mexico,  where  he  practiced 
until  his  removal  to  Butte,  Mont.,  in  1882,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession  and  served  a  term  as  a  member  of  the  Montana  State 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  of  which  he  was  President.  He  was  also 
the  first  President  of  the  Montana  Dental  Association.  Dr.  Reed 
joinel  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  June  1,  1875,  at  St. 
Loui'^.  He  served  as  second  Vice-President,  1880;  first  Vice-President, 
1881,  and  was  elected  President,  1882. 

He  married  Miss  M.  E.  Rohwcll,  of  Callaway  County.  August  27, 
18C1.     They  have  four  children. 


104 


DRl'RV  JOHNSTON  McMII.LEN,  D.  D.  S,  M.  D. 
Nineteenth  President. 

Drury  Johnston  McMillen,  son  of  G.  W.  and  Cornelia  McMillan, 
was  born  March  2S,  1S40,  in  Bracken  County,  Kentucky.  His  father 
was  a  carpenter.  His  early  education  was  received  at  Williamstown, 
Ky..  schools,  and  at  Armstrong  and  Bennett  Academy  at  Chillicothe, 
Mo.,  where  his  family  had  moved  in  1S57. 

In  1S74  he  entered  the  oflBce  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Greene,  at  Chillicothe, 
as  a  student.  Following  this  he  took  a  course  at  the  Missouri  Dental 
College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1877.  Immediately  following  this, 
June  5,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Asso- 
ciation, in  which  he  immediately  took  a  prominent  part  as  an  essayist 
and  clinician.  In  1878-9  and  1881  he  served  as  second  Vice-President, 
1882  as  first  Vice-President,  and  elected  President  1883.  Aft?^r  his 
graduation  he  located  at  Brunswick,  Mo.  Here  he  remained  nine 
years,  until  188G,  when  he  removed  to  Kansas  City,  where  he  was 
actively  engaged  in  practice  until  1894,  when  he  retired  to  devote  his 
entire  time  to  college  work.  He  was  the  leading  spirit  in  the  or- 
ganizing of  the  Western  Dental  College,  1890.  Soon  after  its  organiza- 
tion he  was  elected  Dean  and  Professor  of  Operative  Dentistry:  both 
positions  he  still  holds.  The  success  of  the  school  has  been  largely 
due  to  his  strong  personality  and  his  untiring  energy.  He  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  National  Affociaticn  of  Dental  Faculties,  1898-9;  Vice- 
President  for  the  West  of  the  National  D-i^ntal  Association,  190G-7,  and 
honorary  member  of  the  Kansas;,  Nebraska  Texa=,  Colorado,  Okla- 
homa and  Alabama  State  Dental  Societies.  He  received  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  from   the   University  Mediral   Crli^pp    1894. 

Dr.  McMillen  was  married  in  1SG8  to  Miss  Sallie  Poindexter. 
To  them  were  born  Frank,  D.  D.  S.:  Harry,  D.  D.  S.;  Mabel.  Bessie 
and  Ruth. 

105 


FRANKLIN  SWAP. 

Twentieth  President. 

Franklin  Swap  was  born  in  Cohooes,  N.  Y.,  near  Albany,  August 
19,  1830.  In  1848  he  moved  with  his  family  to  Crawford  County, 
Pennsylvania.  In  his  youth  he  learned  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker 
from  his  father,  which  he  followed  for  eight  years.  In  1854,  three 
years  after  his  marriage,  he  moved,  with  his  family,  to  Taylor  County, 
Iowa.  He  "took  up  a  claim"  and  tried  to  work  at  his  trade,  but  there 
was  no  demand  for  a  cabinet-maker  on  the  prairies  of  Iowa.  It  was 
here  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  dentistry.  An  itinerant  dentist  filled 
some  teeth  for  his  wife.  In  less  than  two  weeks  they  fell  out.  Young 
Swap,  being  a  mechanic,  declared  he  could  do  better  dentistry  than 
that.  He  secured  a  copy  of  Harris'  "Principles  and  Practice  of  Den- 
tistry" and  began  study,  making  his  own  instruments,  pluggers,  ex- 
cavators, dhisels  and  forceps  in  a  blacksmith  shop  from  illustrations 
in  this  book  and  in  a  dental  catalogue.  He  also  made  himself  a  cabi- 
net, chair,  bracket,  and  later  in  life  three  automatic  mallets.  He  was 
an  expert  of  the  old  school,  who  loved  the  laboratory  and  excelled  in 
gold,  continuous  gum  and  rubber  plate  work.  He  practiced  in  Iowa 
until  1862,  at  which  time  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  serving  dur- 
ing the  Civil  War,  and  being  musteied  out  with  rank  of  Captain.  For 
a  time  he  was  Provost  Marshal  of  the  territory  comprising  Central 
Missouri.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Iowa,  but  in  De- 
cember, 1865,  opened  an  office  in  Boonville.  Mo.,  where  he  practiced 
his  profession  until  declining  health  and  strength  made  it  necessary 
for  him  to  desist. 

P'roni  the  time  of  his  advent  in  Hoonvilli'.  Dr.  Swap  l)t'came 
prominent  in  public  affairs.  He  was  Secretary  of  the  School  Board 
from  1867  to  ISSO.  He  was  for  a  time  Secretary  of  the  Osage  Valley 
and    Southern   Railway   Company.     For  many   years  he  was  Registrar 

106 


of  the  city  of  Boonville  and  for  several  terms  its  Mayor,  his  last  term 
having  expired  in  April,  1902.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  Golden 
Gate  Lodge,  91,  K.  of  P.,  and  one  of  the  oldest  members  of  Far 
West  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  esteemed  and  respected  by  all  who 
knew  him  for  his  excellent  ideas  of  the  duties  of  citizenship.  He  was 
ever  ready  and  willing  to  render  efficient  service  in  forwarding  the 
interests  of  the  community  in  which  he  lived.  He  was  married  to 
Miss  Mary  E.  Mitchell,  of  New  York,  August  2,  185L  Four  children 
and  his  widow  survived  him.  One  son,  Dr.  Charles  Swap,  is  a  prac- 
titioner of  dentistry  in  Boonville. 

Dr.  Swap  became  a  member  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  As- 
sociation June  4,  1867,  at  the  third  annual  meeting  at  St.  J.,ouis,  Mo. 
He  was  the  inventor  of  an  ingenious  nitrous-oxide  gas  inhaler,  a  specimen 
of  which  he  exhibited  to  the  members  of  the  association  at  this  meet- 
ing. This  inhaler  he  donated  to  the  Missouri  Dental  College.  He  was 
elected  President  of  the  association,  1884. 

While  not  prominent  in  the  association  as  a  speaker  or  in  execu- 
tive work,  Dr.  Swap  was  one  of  "the  old  guard,"  always  faithful  and 
ready  for  any  task  assigned  him.  He  died  September  4,  1902,  at 
Boonville. 


-« 


107 


ABLE  J.   PROSSER,   D.   D.   S. 
Twenty-first  President. 

Joined   tlie   Missouri   State  Dental   Association   June   6,    1877,    and 
was  elected  President,  1885. 

("Declines  to  have  his  'obituary'  written  at  this  time,   etc.") 


108 


WILLIAM  NEBRASKA  CONRAD,  D.   D.  S. 
Twenty-second    President. 

William  Nebraska  Conrad,  son  of  Simon  Conrad  (a  native  of 
Hanover,  Pa.)  and  Mary  Catherine  Kincaid  Conrad  (a  native  of  Lex- 
ington, Ky.),  was  born  April  29,  1854,  in  an  emigrant  wagon  in  Ne- 
braslta  Territory,  while  his  parents  were  en  route  to  California.  His 
early  education  was  obtained  in  the  Grammar  Schools  at  Placerville 
and  Petaluua,  Cal.,  and  later  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  He  worked  as  a 
helper  for  his  fath'er,  who  was  a  manufacturer  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments, and  later  was  a  clerk  in  a  law  office.  He  began  the  study  of 
dentistry  in  1877  with  Drs.  Henry  Fisher  and  C.  N.  Stark,  of  St. 
Louis,  attended  the  Western  College  of  Dental  Surgeons  at  St.  Louis, 
from  which  he  received  the  D.  D.  S.  degree  in  1878.  Soon  after  he 
became  the  professional  associate  of  Dr.  Henry  Fisher.  This  asso- 
ciation continued  until  Dr.  Fisher's  death  in  1893.  He  attended  lec- 
tures at  the  Missouri  Medical  College  in  1881. 

Dr.  Conrad  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  the 
sixteenth  annual  meeting  at  Sweet  Springs,  June  15,  ISSO;  at  the 
same  session  presented  a  paper  on  "Anaesthetics;"  at  the  next  ses- 
sion, 1881,  he  read  a  paper  on  "Irregularity."  In  1882  he  read  a  paper 
on  "Mercury  and  Its  Effects"  before  the  association,  and  in  1884  a 
paper  on  "Practice,"  published  in  the  "Missouri  Dental  Journal,"  Vol. 
XV,  October,  1883,  pages  289-93,  in  which  he  probably  first  described 
the  method  on  making  the  so-called  Richmond  crown:  "First  take 
the  measure  of  the  root  with  silver  ligature  wire — the  finer  the  better. 
All  other  methods  of  taking  the  size  of  the  root  are  painful  or  inac- 
curate— sometimes  both.  Make  a  band  to  correspond  in  size  with 
your  measure  of  coin-gold  No.  30.  W^hen  you  want  a  very  stiff  band, 
20K.  gold  will  make  it.  When  there  is  danger  of  burning  the  band, 
the  combination  plate  of  gold  and  platinum  is  good.     Drive  the  band 

109 


accurately  on  the  root,  to  the  process — filing  the  band  so  that  it  will 
follow  the  irregularities  of  the  ridge.  When  the  band  is  driven  down 
to  where  it  is  wanted,  file  the  band  and  root  together  to  where  you 
want  it  to  be,  when  the  case  is  finished.  Sometimes  the  band  will  be 
below  the  gum,  at  other  times  considerably  above  it — circumstances 
must  regulate  the  amount  of  band  you  desire  to  show.  This  done,  re- 
move the  band  and  solder  a  piece  of  18k-2S  plate  over  it.  This  will 
make  a  water-tight  cup  or  cap.  To  do  this,  first  flow  the  solder  on 
the  piece  of  plate,  and  then  attach  to  it  the  piece  of  band.  Now  we 
have  the  cup  ready  for  the  pin,  which  is  to  go  into  the  pulp  canal. 
To  do  this,  punch  a  hole  in  the  plate  of  the  cap  the  size  j'ou  want 
the  pin  to  be,  and  then  solder  in  a  platinum  pin.  The  cap,  with  its 
pin  to  be,  is  now  ready  to  be  driven  onto  the  root  again.  Drive  it 
to  place — take  an  articulation,  remove  the  cap  from  the  root,  place  it 
in  the  mark  made  for  it  in  the  articulation,  pour  with  plaster  and 
asbestos,  after  which  proceed  just  the  same  as  if  a  plate  tooth  was 
to  be  soldered  on  to  a  flat  piece  of  plate — you  have  a  complete  articu- 
lation, and  there  can  be  no  mistake.  By  this  method  of  adjusting 
porcelain  crowns,  you  can  let  the  tooth  extend  over  the  edge  of  the 
cap  at  the  gum,  where  the  space  is  large,  or  the  root  is  small,  with 
perfect  ease  and  safety,  thereby  doing  away  with  disagreeable  spaces 
at  or  near  the  gum.  I  claim  for  this  method  of  adjusting  porcelain 
crown  ease  and  perfect  adaptation,  great  beauty,  greater  strength, 
and  a  hermetically  sealed  root;  being  able  to  give  the  crown  any 
angle,  and  to  feel  sure  that  it  will  have  the  same  appearance  in  the 
mouth  you  expected  it  to  have  while  in  the  laboratory.  Dress  and 
finish  it  perfectly,  so  that  you  have  nothing  else  to  do  when  the  pa- 
tient comes  but  to  cement  it  on  the  root.  I  use  for  this  oxy-phos- 
phate;  sometimes  it  may  be  necessary  to  use  an  amalgam.  Openings 
for  the  escape  of  surplus  composition  are  never  necessary."  Dr. 
Conrad  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  of  papers  and  clinics,  and 
prominent  in  the  discussions  and  on  various  committees,  and  was 
elected  President,  1886.  He  was  President  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  So- 
ciety, 1886;  Chairman  of  the  Local  Arrangement  and  Reception  Com- 
mittee and  Honorary  President  of  the  Fourth  International  Dental 
Congress,  St.  Louis,  1904;  Vice-President  for  the  West,  National  Den- 
tal Association,  1905-6;  member  of  St.  Louis  Society  of  Dental 
Science;  honorary  member  of  the  Southern  Illinois  Dental  Society, 
and  the  Iowa  State  Dental  Society,  and  of  the  Masonic  Order,  and  a 
Republican  in   politics. 

Dr.  Conrad  was  married  in   1886  to  Miss  Nelle  Plant.     They  have 
two  children,  Helen  and  William  Lightner  Conrad. 


110 


WILLIA.M    NEWTON   MORRISON,    D.    D.    S. 

Twenty-third   President. 

William  Newton  iMorrison,  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah  Hammond 
Morrison,  was  born  at  East  Springfield,  Jefferson  County,  Ohio,  May 
25,  1842.  His  father  operated  a  saw  mill,  in  which  young  Morrison 
worked  when  not  attending  the  district  school.  At  the  age  of  eight- 
een he  began  doing  mechanical  work,  and  studied  dentistry  for  three 
years  at  St.  Louis,  with  his  brothers,  Dr.  James  B.  Morrison,  the  in- 
ventor of  the  Morrison  dental  engine  and  the  Morrison  dental  chair, 
and  Dr.  Alexander  W.  Morrison.  He  afterwards  took  a  course  of  lec- 
tures at  the  Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  from  which  he  received 
the  D.  D.  S.  degree  in  18G4.  He  returned  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  con- 
tinued in  active  practice  until  his  death.  His  earnestness  and  skill 
soon  earned  him  prominence  in  the  profession. 

He  took  an  active  part  in  dental  society  work  throughout  his 
professional  career.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Missouri  State 
Dental  Association,  October  31,  1865,  and  much  in  evidence  as  an 
earnest  worker  in  the  early  meetings  of  the  association.  He  was 
Recording  Secretary,  1866;  Corresponding  Secretary,  1867-8;  Treas- 
urer, 1870-1;  first  Vice-President.  1877,  and  President,  1887.  He  es- 
pecially did  valuable  work  as  a  clinical  demonstrator  before  the  as- 
sociation, at  which  he  was  an  expert.  He  was  President  of  the  St. 
Louis  Dental  Society,  1891,  and  a  member  of  the  American  Dental 
Association  and  the  Illinois  and  Iowa  State  Dental  Societies. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Missouri  Dental  College,  1866. 
and  elected  Demonstrator  of  Mechanical  Dentistry,  186S.  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Mechanical  Dentistry,  1881.  He  served  for  years  as  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  also  gave  a  series  of  valuable 
clinical  lectures  on  root  filling,  transplantation  and  re-plantation  of 
teeth.     In  this  operation   he  especially  excelled. 

Ill 


Dr.  Morrison  was  an  expert  operator  in  all  departments  of  den- 
tistry, more  gifted  than  the  average  man.  His  prosthetic  operations 
werp  perfection,  and  his  operative  work  masterpieces.  It  is  claimed 
and  proven  beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  that  he  is  the  inventor  of  the 
first  gold  band  crown.  This  crown  he  made  and  set  in  January,  1869. 
The  following  description  of  this  operation  was  reported  by  him  in 
"The  Missouri  Dental  Journal.  Vol.  I,  No.  V,  May  1869,  pages  184-5: 
"A  New  Operation." 

"Miss  W.  came  to  me  with  a  first  left  lower  molar  decayed  to  the 
extent  that  the  entire  lingual  and  a  greater  part  of  the  labial  sur- 
faces below  the  gum  were  removed.  The  roots  were  filled  properly 
with  gold  and  the  crown  was  built  up  in  good  style;  but  the  t  vo 
walls  being  of  such  a  shape  that  the  filling  could  not  be  made  self-re- 
taining. 1  took  a  natural  tooth,  corresponding  as  nearly  as  possible 
in  size  and  shape  to  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side,  and  imbedded  its 
roots  in  plaster  to  make  a  model  from  which  to  get  a  metallic  die 
over  which  to  swage  a  gold  cap.  I  used  a  thin  piece  of  pure  gold 
plate,  cutting  it  at  the  corners;  giving  but  a  slight  lap  for  soldering 
after  it  was  perfectly  fitted  to  the  die.  I  then  fitted  this  cap  ac- 
"curately  to  the  remaining  portion  of  the  tooth  in  the  patient's  mouth, 
allowing  it  to  extend  under  the  free  margin  of  the  gum  quite  to  the 
alveolus,  which  was  about  the  thirty-second  part  of  an  inch  below 
the  margin  of  decay.  After  soldering  a  bar  across  the  cap  from  the 
lingual  to  the  labial  surfaces,  it  was  finished  and  polished  at  the 
lathe.  I  then  prepared  the  patient's  mouth  as  usual  for  filling;  made 
a  thin  paste  of  oxy-chloride  of  zinc;  filled  the  cap  and  pressed  it  to 
its  place.  The  superfluous  cement  was  crowded  out  of  the  cap  and 
removed  at  the  margin  of  the  gum.  I  ha:l  the  pleasure  of  seeing  that 
tooth  today,  nearly  four  months  after  the  operation,  and  had  the 
gratification  of  seeing  and  hearing  it  pronounced  a  perfect  success." 

He  also  was  inventor  of  the  Morrison  dental  bracket,  polishing 
wheels  and  many  other  useful  instruments,  which  he  originated  or 
improved.  He  was  a  great  traveler.  This  was  his  "fad."  He  made 
a  trip  around  the  world,  to  Europe  several  times,  to  the  West  Indies, 
and  to  many  other  foreign  countries.  Being  a  close  observer,  he 
gathered  a  /ast  amount  of  information  in  his  travels.  He  had  a 
high  appreciation  for  the  beautiful  in  art  and  nature. 

He  contributed  many  articles  of  value  to  the  various  dental 
periodicals,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  discussions  before 
dental  societies.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and  a  Re- 
publican in  politics. 

He  was  married  October  1,  1868,  to  Miss  Cornelia  Holme.  They 
had  three  children,  Peter  Holme,  D.  D.  S.;  "William  N.  and  James  B. 

Dr.  Morrison  died  December  21,  1896,  and  was  buried  in  Bellefon- 
taine  cemetery,  St.  I^ouis. 

112 


BENJAiMIN   Q.    STEVENS,    D.    D.    S. 
Twenty-fourth  President. 

Benjamin  Q.  Stevens  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Marion  County,  Mo., 
1837.  His  father.  Rev.  Benjamin  Stevens,  was  a  Baptist  minister, 
and  his  mother,  Sarah  Foster,  a  niece  of  Sir  John  Foster,  an  English 
nobleman.  His  parents  came  to  America,  1830,  locating  in  Missouri 
in  1835. 

Young  Stevens  obtained  his  early  education  in  the  country  schools 
in  Marion  County.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he.  went  to  Hannibal 
and  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade  until  1859.  He  began  the  study 
of  dentistry  with  Dr.  S.  H.  Anderson,  of  Hannibal,  with  whom  he 
stayed  until  1860,  paying  $250  for  this  tutelage. 

Dr.  Stevens  has  been  actively  engaged  in  practice  in  Hannibal 
from  1860  to  the  present  time  (1909),  with  the  exception  of  two  years 
spent  at  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Dr, 
Stevens  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  the  second 
annual  meeting  at  St.  Louis,  June  5,  1866,  and  has  been  an  active 
member  to  this  date,  rarely  missing  a  meeting.  At  nearly  every  meet- 
ing he  has  contributed  his  part  as  an  essayist  or  clinician.  His  most 
instructive  clinics  w'ere  preparation  of  root  canals  and  filling  same 
permanently  with  wood  points  and  gutta  percha,  also  the  proper  use 
of  the  mouth  mirror  used  in  lieu  of  the  operator  trying  to  look  di- 
rectly into  the  cavity.  Dr.  Stevens  also  earnestly  advocated  the  use 
of  the  operating  stool  instead  of  the  operator  standing.  He  was 
elected  President  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  1888,  and 
has  been  a  member  of  the  National  Dental  Association  since  that  date. 
In  1890  the  Missouri  Dental  College  conferred  the  honorary  D.  D.  S. 
degree  upon  him. 

113 


He  was  married  in  1863  to  Miss  Hattie  McLeod,  of  Frederick  Couu- 
ty,  Virginia,  who  died  in  1903.  Tliey  liid  five  daugliters  and  one  son, 
1.  e.,  Ben  F.  Stevens,  D.   D.   S.,  of  Hannibal. 

In  1906  Dr.  Stevens  married  Miss  Mary  Elizabeth  Sturgiss,  of 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  on  January  17.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Dr. 
S.  M.  Sturgiss,  of  Quincy,  111,  ex-President  of  the  Illinois  Dental 
Society 


114 


HENRY   FISHER,   D.   D.   S. 
Twenty-fifth  President. 

Henry  Fisher,  son  of  Drummond  and  Lucinda  Fisher,  well-to-do 
farmer  folk,  was  born  at  Bowdoinham,  Maine,  December  31,  1842.  He 
received  his  early  education  at  the  country  schools  in  Maine,  and  fol- 
lowed farming  as  an  occupation  until  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War, 
during  which  he  was  an  engineer  in  the  United  States  Navy.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  came  to  St.  Louis  and  entered  the  office  of  Dr. 
Homer  Judd  as  a  dental  student,  also  took  the  prescribed  course  at 
the  Missouri  Dental  College,  from  which  he  received  the  D.  D.  S.  degree  in 
1869,  and  immediately  began  practice  in  St.  Louis,  which  he  actively 
continued  until  his  death.  He  was  associated  in  practice  with  Dr. 
William  Conrad  until  his  death.  Dr.  Fisher  joined  the  Missouri  State 
Dental  Association  at  the  fifth  annual  meeting,  St.  Louis,  June  1, 
1869.  In  1877  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  Missouri  Dental  College,  and  was  elected  President  of  the  asso- 
ciation, 1889.  He  was  President  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society  in 
1888. 

Dr.  Fisher  was  an  expert  operator  and  left  many  beautiful  monu- 
ments of  his  skillful  manipulation  of  gold  foil  in  the  mouths  of  his 
patients.     He  contributed  many  articles  to  the  dental  journals. 

He  was  a  good  scholar,  very  literary  and  artistic  in  his  tastes. 
He  was  a  member  of  "Battery  A,"  a  St.  Louis  local  military  company, 
also  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  I.  O.  O.  F. 

He  died  August  1,  1893,  of  acute  indigestion,  and  was  buried  at 
Rockford,  111.  He  was  survived  by  his  widow,  who  was  Miss  Alma 
Horteme  Ellis,  whom  he  married  June  24,  1874,  and  three  children. 
Pearl  Blanch,  Hazel  May  and  Walter  C,  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


115 


JAMES  FRANKLIN  McWILLIAMS. 
Twenty-sixth  President. 

James  Franklin  McWilliams,  son  of  George  and  Lavina  McWil- 
liams,  was  born  August  6,  1S45,  in  Warren  County  (near  Warrenton), 
Missouri.  He  worked  on  his  father's  farm,  attended  the  common 
schools  and  Central  College  at  Fayette,  Mo.,  and  later  the  State  Uni- 
versity at  Columbia,  studied  dentistry  with  Dr.  John  W.  Reed  at 
Mexico,  Mo.,  took  one  course  at  the  Missouri  Dental  College,  but  did 
not  graduate;  commenced  practice  at  Vandalia,  Mo.,  in  187G.  Here 
he  remainedV  three  years,  and  removed  to  Mexico,  where  he  continues 
to  practice. 

He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  Sweet 
Springs,  1883,  held  several  appointive  offices,  and  was  elected  Presi- 
dent 1889,  and  served  as  same,  1890,  at  the  Louisiana  meeting. 

Dr.  McWilliams  has  been  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  South, 
for  twenty-five  years,  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Stewards  of  same 
for  fifteen  years.  He  married  Miss  Nellie  Pearson  of  Mexico.  They 
have  no  children. 


116 


GEORGE  LY.MAN   SllEPARD,  D.  D.  S. 
Twenty-seventh   President. 

George  Lyman  Shepard,  son  of  J.  Lyman  and  Emily  H.  Shepard, 
■was  born  July  25,  1S42,  at  Westfield,  Mass.  Received  a  common 
school  education  and  attended  one  term  at  Westfield  Academy.  Com- 
menced the  study  of  dentistry,  August  1,  1859,  with  Dr.  E.  Lincoln 
Clarke,  of  Westfield,  Mass.,  later  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  November  6, 
1860,  went  to  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  entered  the  o'ffice  of  the  late  Dr. 
Charles  E.  Bartlett,  enlisted  in  Union  Army  July,  1861,  served  four 
years  and  two  months  in  Second  Missouri  Cavalry,  graduated  as 
D.  D.  S.  from  Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  class  of  1866,  practiced 
some  months  in  Greensburg,  Ind. 

Located  in  Tipton,  Mo.,  January,  1867.  remained  three  years  at 
Tipton,  and  removed  to  California,  Mo.,  remained  seven  years,  remov- 
ing to  Sedalia,  Mo.,  in  1876,  and  remained  in  practice  there  imtil  No- 
vember, 1907,  when,  on  account  of  the  death  of  his  wife,  and  children 
being  widely  scattered,  gave  up  practice,  expecting  to  spend  the 
remainder  of  his  days  at  the  homes  of  his  children.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber for  many  years  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  which 
he  joined  at  the  fourth  annual  meeting  at  St.  Louis,  1868.  He  took 
part  in  the  discussions,  served  on  various  committees,  and  as  a  dele- 
gate to  the  American  Dental  Association  in  the  early  days  of  the 
association,  and  was  elected  President  in  1891.  Dr.  Shepard,  with 
J  P.  Gray  and  L.  C.  Ellis,  was  appointed  a  committee  in  ISSl  by  the 
association  to  draft  a  bill  for  a  dental  law  to  be  presented  to  the 
Legislature.  This  committee  was  most  ably  assisted  in  bringing  about 
this  legislation  by  Dr.  C.  W.  Spalding  of  St.  Louis.  From  their  ef- 
forts the  first  dental  legislation  in  Missouri  was  enacted,  and  went 
into  effect  April  2,  1883,  which,  at  that  period,  probably  was  the  best 
law  in  existence.     The  following  is  a  copy: 

117 


"An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Dentistry  in  the  State  of 

Missouri. 

"Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Missouri, 
as  follows: 

"Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  of  any  person  to  practice  dentistry 
or  dental  surgery  in  the  State  of  Missouri  without  first  having  received 
a  diploma  from  a  reputable  dental  college  or  a  university  duly  incor- 
porated or  established  under  the  laws  of  some  one  of  the  United 
States,  or  of  a  foreign  government:  Provided,  That  nothing  in  Section 
1  of  this  act  shall  apply  to  any  bona  fide  practitioner  of  dentistry  or 
dental  surgery  in  this  state  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act: 
And,  provided.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to 
prevent  physicians,  surgeons  or  others  from  extracting  teeth. 

Sec.  2.  Every  person  who  shall  hereafter  engage  in  the  practice 
of  dentistry  or  dental  surgery  in  this  state,  shall  file  a  copy  of  his 
diploma  with  the  Clerk  of  the  County  Court  in  the  county  in  which 
he  resides,  and  in  the  City  of  St.  Louis  with  the  City  Register,  which 
copy  shall  be  sworn  to  by  the  party  filing  the  same,  and  the  Clerk 
shall  give  a  certificate  to  such  fact,  with  the  seal  of  the  County  Court 
attached  thereto,  to  such,  party  filing  the  copy  of  his  diploma,  and  shall 
file  and  register  the  name  of  the  person,  the  date  of  filing,  and  the 
nature  of  the  instrument,  in  a  book  to  be  kept  by  him  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  as  a  compensation  for  his  services  the  said  clerk,  for  filing 
and  registering  the  same,  shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar,  to  be  paid 
by  the  person  filing  the  diploma. 

Sec.  3.  Every  bona  fide  practitioner  of  dentistry  or  dental  sur- 
gery residing  in  this  State  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act,  and 
desiring  to  continue  the  same,  shall,  within  ninety  days  after  the 
passage  of  this  act,  file  an  affidavit  of  the  said  facts  with  the  Clerk 
of  the  County.  Court  of  the  county  in  which  he  resides,  or  with  the 
City  Register  of  the  City  of  St.  Louis,  if  he  resides  in  the  City  of  St. 
Louis;  and  the  said  Clerk  of  Register,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  reg- 
ister the  name  of  and  give  a  certificate  to  the  party  filing  the  affidavit, 
in  like  manner  and  of  like  effect  as  hereinbefore  provided,  and  for 
such  services  shall  receive  a  fee  of  one  dollar,  to  be  paid  by  the  party 
filing  the  affidavit. 

Sec.  4.  All  certificates  issued  under  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  the  right  of.  the  holder  to  practice 
under  this  act,  which  right  it  shall  be  incumbent  upon  the  holder 
to  prove  under  all  prosecutions  under  this  act. 

Sec.  5.  Every  person  violating  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall,  upon  conviction  thereof,  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor 
and  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  lot  less  than  twenty-five,  nor  more  than 
two  hundred  dollars,  for  each  offense:    and  all   fines  so  collected  shall 

118 


belong  to  and  be  paid  into  the  common  school  fund  of  the  county 
where  the  offense  was  committed." 

Dr.  Shepard  was  a  member  of  the  Central  Missouri  and  Sedalia 
Dental  Societies,  a  member  of  the  Congregational  Church,  the  General 
George  R.  Smith  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  a  Republican  in  politics. 

He  married  Miss  Louise  Livings,  of  Allensville,  Ind.,  March  6, 
1869.     They  had  eleven  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living. 


rrt 


^ 


119 


JOHN  DEANS  PATTERSON,   D.   D.   S. 

Twenty-eighth  President. 

February  9,  184S,  in  Clear  Creek  Township,  Ashland  County,  near 
Savannah,  Ohio,  a  son  was  born  to  John  and  Christina  Patterson, 
sturdy  Scotch  farmer  folk,  botli  living  at  this  writing  and  proud  of 
their  son,  who  was  christened  John  Deans  Patterson. 

Young  Patterson  passed  much  of  his  boyhood  working  on  his 
father's  farm,  and  absorbed  the  lessons  of  nature,  country  life  and 
self-dependence,  so  essential  to  a  successful  career.  He  received  his 
early  education  at  the  district  school,  and  later  at  the  Savannah  Acad- 
emy. This  education  was  supplemented  by  the  great  fund  of  learn- 
ing possessed  by  his  parents.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  the  farm; 
then  followed  two  years  at  carpentering,  which  further  developed  him 
for  his  future  work.  He  commenced  the  study  of  dentistry  in  the  of- 
fice of  Dr.  R.  Newton,  at  Savannah,  Ohio,  where  he  spent  one  year. 
He  then  went  into  the  office  of  Dr.  Moses  De  Camp,  of  Mansfield, 
Ohio,  where  he  studied  and  worked  two  years,  that  being  the  pre- 
scribed term  of  pupilage  for  the  dental  student  of  those  days. 

After  leaving  Dr.  De  Camp  he  practiced  for  a  short  time  at  Sa- 
vannah, and  in  18GS  removed  to  Lawrence,  Kan.,  where  he  soon  took 
front  rank  as  a  practitioner  and  a  citizen,  prominently  identified  with 
church  and  social  affairs.  At  this  period  dentistry  was  in  a  chaotic 
condition  in  Kansas,  without  or.ganization,  and  feeling  the  need  of 
professional  unity,  Dr.  Patterson,  in  conjunction  with  Drs.  J.  B.  Wheel- 
er, of  Lawrence;  W.  H.  Marvin,  of  Topeka;  E.  F.  Fuller,  of  Fort 
Scott;  J.  H.  Sawyer,  of  Atchison;  A.  M.  Callahan  and  L.  C.  Wasson,  of 
Topeka  met  at  Lawrence  May  2,  1872,  and  organized  the  Kansas 
State  Dental  Association.  Dr.  Patterson  was  the  first  Secretary,  an 
office  he  held  until  1870,  when  he  was  elected  President,  holding  that 

120 


oflBoe  until  1S78.     Drs.  L.  C.  Wasson  and  Patterson  are  the  only  sur- 
viving charter  members  of  the  Association. 

He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  the  first  Professor  of  Operative 
Dentistry  of  the  Kansas  City  Dental  College  in  18S1,  and  was  gi-adu- 
ated  from  that  institution  in  1883.  For  years  he  was  Secretary  of 
the  Faculty  and  Professor  of  Dental  Pathology,  the  chair  he  still 
occupies.    For  the  past  nine  years  he  has  been  dean  of  the  faculty. 

In  1884  he  removed  to  Kansas  City  and  actively  engaged  in  prac- 
tice and  college  work.  Soon  after  this  "The  Western  Dental  Journal" 
was  organized  with  Dr.  Patterson  as  editor-in-chief,  a  position  he  oc- 
cupied until  .January,   190G. 

For  years  Dr.  Patterson  has  been  prominently  identified  with  all 
the  best  interests  in  dentistry,  and  has  received  all  the  honors  the 
profession  has  had  to  give  in  recognition  of  his  high  standing  and 
assiduous  work  for  its  interests.  He  was  President  of  the  Kansas 
State  Dental  Association,  1876-8.  He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental 
Association  in  1872,  and  was  its  President  1892,  President  of  the 
American  Dental  Association  in  1893,  President  of  the  National  Asso- 
ciation of  Dental  Faculties  1894,  President  of  the  Institute  of  Dental 
Pedagogics  in  1903,  President  of  the  Kansas  City  Odontographies  in 
1902.  This  society  gave  a  banquet  to  Dr.  Patterson  February,  1907, 
and  presented  him  with  a  loving  cup  as  a  testimonial  of  their  affection 
for  him.  He  was  Honorary  President  of  the  Kansas  City  Dental  Col- 
legs  Alumni  Association  in  19U4-5.  Vice-President  for  Missouri  of  the 
Interstate  Dental  Fraternity  in  1905,  and  Supreme  Grand  Master  ot 
the  Delta  Sigma  Delta  Fraternity  1905-6.  Besides  holding  prominent 
offices  and  being  an  active  worker  in  the  National  Dental  Association, 
he  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Dental 
Science  of  Boston,  the  St.  Louis  Society  of  Dental  Science,  the  Ne- 
braska, Oklahoma,  Southern  Kansas,  Indiana  and  other  State  D;ntal 
Associations.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Orgnni/ntinn 
of  the  fourth  International  Dental  Congress. 

Dr.  Patterson  is  one  of  the  best  parliamentarians  and  exf^cutive 
officers  in  the  profession,  and  is  frequently  called  upon  for  opinions 
and  to  preside  at  meetings.  Of  commanding  presence,  his  clear-cut,  em- 
phatic manner  of  speaking  always  receives  the  attention  of  his  audi- 
ence. As  an  essayist  and  writer  he  is  equally  talented,  and  he  has 
contributed  much  of  value  to  the  literature  of  the  profession.  As 
an  essayist,  to  open  discussions  and  as  a  banquet  orator,  he  is  in 
demand. 

Dr.  Patterson  is  a  natural  surgeon,  and  has  devoted  much  of  his 
time  to  oral  surgery  and  the  successful  treatment  of  pyorrhea  and 
other  diseases  of  the  teeth  and  mouth. 

He  was  married  May  18,  1866,  to  Miss  Caroline  Haints  Cooper, 
of  Philadelphia,  whose  death  occurred  in  1904. 

121 


As  to  the  personal  side  of  Dr.  Patterson's  career:  He  is  fond 
of  music  and  has  an  excellent  baritone  voice,  which  he  has  exercised 
at  social  gatherings  and  in  church  choirs.  In  days  past  he  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  amateur  operatic  affairs,  and  has  frequently  taken 
leading  roles.  The  writer  once  saw  him  appear  as  the  chief  pirate  in 
the  "Pirates  of  Penzance."  Dr.  Patterson  looked  the  part  and  sang 
it  well.  In  his  early  professional  career.  Dr.  Patterson  was  an  ardent 
devotee  to  archery,  and  attended  many  tournaments,  at  which  he  fre- 
quently took  prizes  for  his  skill.  With  gun  and  rod  he  has  more  than 
ordinary  skill.  Chess  is  his  favorite  ga-re  and  the  principal  recrea- 
tion of  his  busy  life. 

With  a  determination  and  a  sense  of  justice  characteristic  of  his 
Scotch  ancestry,  Dr.  Patterson  never  hesitates  to  express  his  opinion 
and  is  always  found  on  the  side  of  what  he  believes  the  right,  no  mat- 
ter what  the  result  may  be.  Another  characteristic  is  his  willingness 
to  give  everyone  a  "square  deal,"  and  other  things  being  equal,  his 
influence  is  invariably  with  the  "under  dog."  He  is  the  man  who  com- 
pares  favorably  with   Kipling's   ideal, 

"Who  dares 
Greet  the  embarrassed  Gods, 
Nor  fears  to  shake  the  iron  hand  of  Fate, 
Nor  match  with  Destiny  for  beers." 

His  dignity  and  high  ideals  have  been  an  inspiration  to  many 
young  men  who  have  come  under  his  influence  as  a  teacher  in  his 
college  or  in  dental  society  work.  He  commands  the  respect  of  the 
entire  profession  and  the  love  of  his  fellows  who  know  him  best  and 
appreciate  him  for  his  sterling  qualities,  and  who  are  happy  to  apply 
to  him,  before  his  death,  Huxley's  epitaph: 

"He  had  intellect  to  comprehend  his  highest  duty  distinctly  and 
force  of  character  to  do  it:  which  of  us  dare  ask  for  a  higher  sum- 
mary of  his  life  than  that?" 


122 


THOMAS   WALLER   REED,    D.   D.   S. 
Twenty-ninth  President. 

Thomas  Waller  Reed,  son  of  John  and  Prudence  Reed,  was  born 
July  8,  1832,  in  Boone  County,  Missouri.  He  was  the  brother  and 
preceptor  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Reed,  President  of  the  association  in  1882. 

Thomas  W.  Reed  spent  his  early  boyhood  on  his  father's  farm 
and  was  educated  in  the  country  schools.  He  studied  dentistry  with 
Dr.  Wilson  Lee  McMurry  at   Shelbyville,   Mo.,   about  1855. 

At  the  organization  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  Oc- 
tober 31,  1865,  at  St.  Louis,  Dr.  Reed  signed  the  constitution  as  a 
charter  member.  At  the  same  meeting  he  was  one  of  three  appointed 
to  select  delegates  to  the  American  Dental  Association. 

At  the  third  annual  meeting  he  sent  an  essay  on  "Neuralgia," 
which  was  read  by  President  Peebles.  He  served  the  society  in  vari- 
ous capacities,  and  was  elected  Vice-President  in  1871  and  President 
in  1893.  At  the  organization  of  the  Missouri  Dental  College,  1866, 
Dr.  Reed  matriculated  and  graduated  as  D.  D.  S.  at  the  first  com- 
mencement, February  22,  1867. 

Dr.  Reed  practiced  at  Macon,  Glasgow  and  Mexico.  He  was  mar- 
ried July  7,  1857,  to  Miss  Adaline  Luckie  of  Mexico.  Their  children 
were:  W.  L.  Reed,  D.  D.  S.;  F.  M.  Leslie,  John  and  Mrs.  J.  R.  Black- 
wood. 

Dr.  Reed  died  of  paralysis  Novemlier  14.  1S96,  and  was  buried 
in  Oakwood  Cemetery.  Macon,  Mo. 


123 


JOHN  THOMAS   FRY,   D.   D.   S. 
Thirtieth  President. 

John  Thomas  Fry,  son  of  August  and  Mary  Fry,  was  born  on  his 
father's  farm,  February  2,  1855,  in  Callaway  County,  Missouri.  He 
spent  his  early  boyhood  at  the  home  of  his  parents,  attended  the 
country  schools,  and  later  became  a  school  teacher.  This  he  con- 
tinued until  1877,  when  he  entered  the  Missouri  Dental  College,  from 
which  he  graduated  as  D.  D.  S.  in  1879,  and  immediately  began  prac- 
tice at  Moberly,  where  he  has  continued  until  the  present  date. 

He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  in  1884,  and  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  1894.  In  1900  he  was  elected  Treasurer, 
succeeding  Dr.  James  A.  Price,  and  has  each  year  been  continuously 
elected  to  that  office. 

Dr.  Fry  has  also  served  the  society  faithfully  on  various  com- 
mittees, and  as  a  clinician.  He  was  President  of  the  Northeast  Mis- 
souri Dental  Club  1909,  and  one.  of  the  organizers  of  the  Randolph 
Dental  Club,  January  1,  1907,  and  elected  its  first  President,  serving 
in  this  capacity  for  two  years. 

He  was  married  October  13,  1886,  to  Miss  I^ucy  Diiisle  of  Moberly. 


124 


WILLIA.M  EDWIN  TUCKER. 
Thirty-first  President. 

William  Edwin  Tucker,  son  of  William  Atherton  and  Mary  A. 
Leatherman  Tucker,  was  born  in  Jeffersontown,  Kentucky,  March  6, 
1846.  His  father  was  a  wool  carder  and  farmer.  Young  Tucker 
worked  for  his  father  at  wool  carding  during  the  summer  and  at- 
tended Jefferson  College  during  the  winter  months,  where  he  received 
his  early  education.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began  the  study  of 
dentistry  with  his  uncle.  Dr.  Leatherman,  at  Jeffersontown.  Here 
he  continued  until  his  twentieth  year  of  age,  when  he  located  at  Otter- 
ville.  Mo.,  for  practice.  Here  he  resided  four  years,  when  he  removed 
to  Butler.  Mo.,  where  he  practiced  until  1891,  when  he  removed  to 
Springfield,  Mo.,  his  present  home. 

He  became  a  member  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Assocaition 
at  the  fourth  annual  meeting  at  St.  Louis,  June  2,  1868.  At  the  meet- 
ing of  1869  he  was  elected  second  Vice-President,  and  President  1895. 
Dr.  Tucker  writes:  "I  owe  much  to  this  association  of  what  I  know 
of  dentistry."  Dr.  Tucker  is  a  Mason  and  Master  of  Butler  Lodge, 
No.  254,  for  three  years;  also  District  Deputy  and  Grand  Lecturer  for 
several  years;  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  and  active  in  church 
and  Sunday  School  work,  an  Elder  in  the  church  for  years,  and  Super- 
intendent of  the  Sunday  School  for  seventeen  years. 

He  was  married  February  4,  1879,  to  Miss  Emma  Rowena  Wil- 
lard,  who  died  in  1897.  They  had  four  children.  William  Edwin, 
D.  D.  S.,  now  his  father's  associate,  was  the  oldest. 

December  4,  1901,  Dr.  Tucker  married  Miss  Cora  Mitchell.  They 
have  two  children.  In  1896  Dr.  Tucker  established  the  Springfield 
Dental  Supply  House,  which  he  and  his  son  conduct  in  conjunction 
with  their  practice. 


125 


ANTHONY   C.  GRIGGS. 
Thirtj^-second  President. 

Anthony  C.  Griggs,  son  of  Anthony  Griggs,  was  born  in  1845  at 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Boonville,  Mo., 
where,  at  Kemper's  Academy,  he  received  his  early  education.  He 
studied  dentistry  with  Drs.  H.  E.  Peebles  and  Menton  McCoy  at  Boon- 
ville, and  located  at  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  where  he  has  practiced  con- 
tinuously for  nearly  forty-five  years.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  the  third  meeting  at "  St.  Louis, 
June  4,  1867,  was  elected  second  Vice-President  1871,  and  President 
1896. 

Dr.  Griggs  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  and  has  been  a 
Mason  for  forty  years. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Alice  Cress.  They  have  two  daughters, 
1.  e.,  Mrs.  Allen  Kenyon  of  Lima,  Peru,  and  Miss  Gussie  V.,  and  one 
son,  L.  F.  Griggs,  D.  D.  S..  of  Garvin,  Okla. 


126 


DAVID   FLEMING   ORR,   D.   D.    S. 
Thirty-third   President. 

David  Fleming  Orr,  son  of  John  P.  and  Precilla  Orr,  was  born  in 
Lee  County,  Virginia,  February  9,  1852.  His  father  was  a  well-to-do 
farmer.  He  spent  his  early  boyhood  at  home,  attended  the  country 
schools,  and  later  was  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  in  Colorado.  He 
took  the  prescribed  course  at  the  Dental  Department  of  Vanderbilt 
University,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1889,  at  the 
same  time  won  the  gold  medal  for  pi'oficiency  in  Operative  Dentistry. 
Following  his  graduation  he  located  at  Liberty,  Mo.,  where  he  prac- 
ticed until  1902,  when  he  removed  to  Moberly  and  became  associated 
with  Dr.  J.  T.  Fry.  Here  he  remained  until  1906,  when  h^  removed  to 
Big  Stone  Gap,  Va.,  where  he  still  continues  to  practice. 

Dr.  Orr  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  in  1890, 
served  on  various  committees,  was  elected  Vice-President  1896,  and 
President  1897. 

He  was  married  in  1S80  to  Miss  Lizzie  Ward  of  Colu.sa  County, 
California.    They  have  two  children,  Irma  L.  and  Bernice  W.  Orr. 


127 


.:  FRANK   SLATER,   D.   D.   S. 

Thirty-fourth  President. 

Frank  Slater,  son  of  James  and  Almina  K.  Drown  Slater,  was  born 
April  S,  1S54,  on  a  farm  near  Osceola,  Stark  County,  Illinois.  In  this 
village  he  attended  school  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  when  he  became 
the  sole  support  of  his-  widowed  mother,  in  the  employ  of  a  farmer 
w^ho  operated  a  grist  mill  and  general  store.  Here  he  was  employed 
four  years,  attending  the  winter  terms  of  school.  In  1874  he  went  to 
Grinnell,  Iowa,  where  he  attended  a  fall  term  of  school  and  taught 
a  district  school  near  Des  Moines  for  two  winters,  took  up  the  study 
of  photography,  and  in  1878  opened  a  studio.  This  business  did  not 
agree  with  his  health,  and  in  the  spring  of  1880  he  began  the  study 
of  dentistry  with  Dr.  John  Houston  at  Princeville,  111.  Here  he  met 
and  married  Miss  Emma  F.  Russell,  June  10,  1880.  They  have  five 
children  living.  In  the  fall  of  1881  he  removed  to  Guthrie  Center, 
Iowa,  for  practice,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Iowa  State  Dental 
Society  in  1883.  Feeling  the  need  of  a  better  dental  education,  he 
closed  his  office,  left  his  wife  and  three  children  and  attended  the 
Dental  Department  of  the  Iowa  State  University,  from  which  he  re- 
ceived the  D.  D.  S.  degree  1889.  In  July  of  the  same  year  he  removed 
to  Rich  Hill,  Mo.,  where  he  has  practiced  for  twenty  years.  For  the 
last  five  years  he  has  practiced  three  days  of  each  week,  and  the  bal- 
ance of  the  week  is  spent  on  his  stock  farm  and  in  hunting  and  fishing, 
at  which  he  is  an  enthusiast. 

Dr.  Slater  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  Pertle 
Springs  in  1890,  and  was  elected  President  at  Pertle  Springs  1897,  and 
served  as  same  at  St.  Louis  1898.  , 

128 


He  is  of  a  mechanical  turn  and  invented  and  patented  a  farm  implement 
and  a  dental  appliance.  He  is  a  lover  of  niusjc  and  has  been  mem- 
ber of  choirs,  bands  and  orchestras.  Politically,  a  Republican,  and  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  and 
Master  Mason. 


■S. 


129 


FREDERICK   MONROE   FULKERSON,    D.   D.   S. 
Thirty-fifth  President. 

Frederick  Monroe  Fulkerson,  son  of  Nicholas  H.  and  Martha  Ann 
Fulkerson,  was  born  December  19,  1867,  near  Warrensburg,  Mo.  His 
father  was  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser. 

young  Fulkerson  attended  the  public  schools  and  then  took  a 
three-years'  course  at  the  State  Normal  School  at  Warrensburg,  ob- 
taining a  state  certificate  to  teach  school,  but  never  followed  that  call- 
ing. Immediately  following  this  he  entered  the  office  of  Drs.  Griggs 
and  Cress  at  Warrensburg  as  a  dental  student,  then  attended  the 
Philadelphia  Dental  College  for  two  years,  graduated  as  D.  D.  S.  in 
1889,  and  began  practice  at  Pleasant  Hill,  Mo.,  April  1,  of  the  same 
year.  Here  he  practiced  two  years,  when  he  removed  to  Butler,  Mo., 
where  he  practiced  four  years.  Then  removed  to  Sedalia  in  1895, 
where  he  continues  to  practice. 

Dr.  Fulkerson  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  in 
1889,  and  immediately  became  active  as  an  essayist,  discusser  of  pa- 
pers and  clinician  and  committee  worker,  and  was  promoted  to  the 
presidency  in  1899,  also  President  of  the  Sedalia  Dental  Society  1901, 
.and  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Central  Missouri  Dental  Association 
and  its  first  President.  He  is  an  Elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
Past  Master  of  the  Masonic  Lodge,  a  Democrat  of  several  generations, 
iind  a  member  of  the  Sedalia  City  Council  for  four  years. 

He  was  married  May,  1893,  to  Miss  Minnie  Logan  of  Warrensburg. 
They  have  two  sons,  Logan  and  Frederick  M.,  Jr. 


130 


WALLER  LUCKIE  REED,  D.  D.  S. 
Thirty-sixth  President. 

Waller  Luckie  Reed,  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Waller  and  Adeline  Reed, 
was  born  in  Mexico,  Mo..  May  25,  1858.  Here  he  spent  his  boyhood, 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  St.  James'  Academy  at  Ma- 
con, Mo.  Entered  his  father's  dental  office  as  a  student  and  attended 
the  Pennsylvania  Dental  College,  from  which  he  graduated  as  D.  D.  S. 
in  1882.  He  located  at  Macon,  Mo.,  for  practice,  later  at  Laplata  and 
at  Mexico,  where  he  has  been  in  active  practice  since  1883. 

He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  at  Sweet  Springs, 
1886,  and  at  once  entered  into  the  work  to  promote  the  usefulness  of 
the  society.  He  served  in  various  capacities  on  committees,  as  essay- 
ist, and  rarely  was  a  meeting  held  that  his  name  was  not  on  the  list 
as  a  clinician.  Dr.  Reed  has  been  "one  of  the  faithful,"  and  one  of  the 
most  earnest  and  enthusiastic  workers  in  the  society,  serving  with 
especial  merit  at  various  times  on  the  Executive  Committee  and  as 
Supervisor  of  Clinics.  He  was  elected  second  Vice-President  1899, 
and  to  the  Presidency,  serving  as  same  at  the  meeting  at  Louisiana, 
1900.  He  was  an  Honorary  Vice-President  and  a  member  of  the  Re- 
ception Committee  of  the  fourth  International  Dental  Congress  at  St. 
Louis,  1904,  member  of  the  Northeast  Missouri  Dental  Club. 

Dr.  Reed  was  married  January  7,  1S96,  to  Miss  Alcinda  Allen. 
They  have  three  children,  Allen,  Thomas  Waller,  Jr.,  and  Howard 
Allen.  -  |i  n 


131 


FRANK  F.   FLETCHER,   D.   D.   S. 
Thirty-seventh  President. 

Frank  F.  Fletcher  was  bom  in  1857  at  Warren,  Trumbull  County, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  son  of  Albert  M.  and  Lulu  E.  Scarsdale  Fletcher. 
Received  his  early  education  at  Jamestown  Seminary  and  Thiel  Col- 
lege, both  of  Mercer  County,  Pennsylvania.  Taught  school  and  con- 
structed telegraph  lines  until  he  matriculated  in  the  Chicago  College 
of  Dental  Surgery,  from  which  he  graduated  as  D.  D.  S.  in  1889. 
Practiced  two  years  at  Pontiac,  111.,  and  at  St.  Louis  since  1891.  He 
joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  in  1896,  and  served  on 
the  Executive  Committee  1898  and  1890.  First  Vice-President  1899, 
and  President  1901.  He  was  President  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  So- 
ciety 1896,  Professor  of  Prosthetic  Dentistry  in  the  St.  Louis  Dental 
College  (formerly  the  Marion-Sims  Dental  College),  1900  to  1908.  Pro- 
fessor of  Operative  Dentistry,  same  institution,  from  1908  to  date. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Order  and  a  Republican  in  politics. 


132 


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33      ::r 


BURTON  LEE  THORPE,  D.  D.  S.,  M.  D. 
Thirty-eighth  President. 

Burton  Lee  Thorpe  was  born  June  29th,  1871.  Educated  in  the 
public  schools.  Began  the  study  of  Dentistry  with  a  preceptor  in  1890. 
Attended  the  Western  Dental  College,  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  and 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.,  March  5,  1895,  immediately  after 
becoming  a  member  of  the  Mifisouri  State  Dental  Association  in  which 
he,  from  the  first,  took  an  active  part.  He  served  this  society  as 
Corresponding  Secretary  1898-99  and  1900,  and  was  elected  its  Presi- 
dent 1901.  The  same  year  was  appointed  by  Governor  A.  M.  Dock- 
ery  member  of  the  Missouri  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  and  in 
1903  re-appointed  for  five  years,  serving  as  President  of  the  board  in 
1903.  Elected  Vice-President  for  the  West  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Dental  Examiners  1901-02,  and  in  1903  was  elected  President, 
but  resigned  August,  1903,  when  assisted  by  Drs.  D.  O.  M.  LeCron  and 
S.  T.  Bassett,  he  organized  the  Barnes  Dental  College,  of  which  he 
was  the  first  Dean  of  the  Faculty,  and  Professor  of  Operative  Dentist- 
ry and  Dental  History.  Owing  to  a  disagreement  with  the  trustees, 
he,  with  the  entire  faculty,  resigned  December,  1905,  after  two  and 
a  half  years'  service.  Dr.  Thorpe  was  the  originator  of  the  Fourth  In- 
ternational Dental  Congress  held  at  St.  Louis  1904.  In  1900  he  took 
the  initiative  and  presented  the  plan  of  organization  to  the  Missouri 
State  Dental  Association  and  the  National  Dental  Association.  He 
was  appointed  by  the  latter  society  as  one  of  the  committee  of  fif- 
teen to  organize  the  Congress  and  did  yoeraan's  work  in  assisting 
making  the  Congress  the  great  success  that  it  was.  The  Universal 
Exposition  Company  conferred  a  commemorative  diploma  and  gold 
medal  on  him  for  the  important  service  he  rendered  in  this  connection. 
In  1904  he  became  associate  editor  of  The  Dental  Brief,  a  position  he 

133 


still  retains.  1904  elected  Assistant  Secretary  for  five  years  of  the 
Federation  Deutaire  Internationale  and  one  of  a  committee  of  five 
delegates  to  the  same,  representing  the  National  Dental  Association 
of  the  United  States,  to  assist  in  organizing  the  Fifth  International 
Dental  Congress  at  Berlin,  1909.  He  was  the  originator  of  the  James- 
town Dental  Convention  held  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  September  10-12.  1907,  and 
Chairman  of  its  Committee  on  Organization.  Corresponding  Secretary 
of  the  National  Dental  Association,  1906-07-08,  and  Secretary  of  the 
Committee  on  History  of  the  same.  Secretary  of  the  International 
Dental  Federation  Commission  on  the  History  of  Dentistry,  Chairman 
Committee  on  History  of  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  and 
Chairman  Committee  on  History  of  St.  Louis  Societ}-  of  Dental  Science  and 
member  of  the  St.  Louis  Medical  History  Club  and  the  Fourth  Interna- 
tional Dental  Congress  Committee  on  History.  President  of  the  St.  Louis 
Societ}-  of  Dental  Science,  1905.  Organizer  and  first  President  of  the 
St.  Louis  Auxiliary  Supreme  Chapter  Delta  Sigma  Delta  Fraternity, 
Member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  St.  Louis  Dental  Society. 
Honorary  member  of  the  Kansas,  Colorado,  Virginia,  Ohio,  Iowa  and 
Southern  Illinois  Dental  Societies  and  Interstate  Dental  Fraternity. 

Received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Barnes  University,  1904. 

Married  December  4,  1895,  to  Miss  Berta  Scott,  of  Gallatin,  Mo. 

From  his  entrance  into  Dentistry  he  became  interested  in  the  pro- 
fession's history  and  has  spent  his  odd  moments  in  collecting  historical 
data,  photographs  and  relics  of  the  past.  In  1902  he  began,  a  series  of 
biographical  sketches  on  the  pioneers  of  American  Dentistry,  published 
monthly  in  The  Dental  Review,  appearing  until  1904,  then  appearing 
monthly  until  1909  in  The  Dental  Brief.  He  is  the  author  of  a  vol- 
ume on  "Biographical  History  of  Pione :r  American  Dentists  and  Their 
Successors." 

The  highest  honor  in  the  gift  of  the  dental  profession  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Thorpe  at  Birmingham,  Ala.,  March  31,  1909,  when  he  was 
unanimously  elected  President  of  the  National  Dental  Association. 

K.   P.   D.\MERON. 


134 


S.  C.  A.   RUBEY,  D.   D.   S. 
Thirty-ninth  President. 

S.  C.  A.  Rubey,  only  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  S.  and  Cordelia  Rubey,  was 
born  at  Louisiana,  Mo.,  May  29,  1SG6.  His  father  was  a  physician. 
Aside  from  the  honor  of  being  a  "piker."  Dr.  Rubey  has  the  unusual 
distinction  of  being  a  representative  of  three  generations  of  Mis- 
sourians,  both  of  his  grandparents  having  settled  in  Missouri  before 
it  was  admitted,  as  a  State  to  the  Union.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Louisiana  and  at  Macon,  Mo.,  later  attended  the  Cumber- 
land University  at  Lebanon,  Tenn.  He  began  the  study  of  Dentistry 
in  1884  with  Dr.  A.  F.  Claywell  at  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

In  1884  he  entered  the  Dental  Department  of  Vanderl)ilt  University, 
from  which  he  graduated  as  D.  D.  S.  in  1886.  Immediately  following 
this,  he  took  a  special  course  of  private  instructions  in  the  office 
of  Dr.  E.  Parmly  Brown  of  New  York  City  and  located  at  Clinton, 
Mo.,  in  1887  for  practice,  where  he  continues.  He  joined  the  Mis- 
souri State  Dental  Association  in  1888  and  in  1892  was  elected  secre- 
tary of  the  association,  serving  in  this  capacity  for  five  years,  follow- 
ing this  he  served  on  various  committees  and  as  vice-president  in  1897 
and  again  in  1902,  and  as  president  at  the  Kansas  City  meeting  in  1903. 
When  the  State  dental  law  was  passed  in  1897,  Dr.  Rubey  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Stephens  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners  and  elected  secretary  of  the  board.  He  was  re-appointed 
in  1902  by  Governor  Dockery  and  in  1905  by  Governor  Folk  and  has 
served  continuously  as  secretary  of  the  board. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Central  ilissouri  Dental  Society  and  of 
the  Modern  Woodmen  of  America  and  State  organizer  of  the  same. 

Dr.  Rubey  was  married  .May  28,  1897,  to  Mrs.  .lean  S.  Barnes.  They 
have  one  son,  Walter  B. 

135 


JOHN  HANGER  KENNERLY,  D.  D.  S. 
Fortieth  President. 

John  Hanger  Kennerly,  eon  of  Dr.  Samuel  Kennerly  (a  physician), 
and  Frances  Hanger  Kennerly  was  born  May  2,  1856,  at  Hermitage, 
Virginia.  Here  he  attended  the  country  schools  and  later,  New  Hope 
Academy. 

He  began  the  study  of  Dentistry  with  Dr.  J.  H.  Yost  at  Shelbina, 
Mo.,  and  took  the  course  of  lectures  at  the  Missouri  Dental  College, 
from  which  he  received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.,  1888. 

He  was  Secretary-  and  Professor  of  Prosthetic  Dentistry  in  the  I\Ia- 
rion-Sims  Dental  College  from  1894  to  1899,  when  he  resigned  and  was 
made  Professor  of  Mechanical  Dentistry  and  Secretary  of  the  Faculty 
of  the  Dental  Department,  Washington  University. 

In  1891  Dr.  Fuller,  the  Dean,  resigned  and  Dr.  Kennerly  was 
elected  his  successor  as  Dean  and  Professor  of  Clinical  Dentistry, 
both  positions  he  continues  to  fill  to  this  date  (1909). 

Dr.  Kennerly  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  1889, 
served  on  various  committees  and  frequently  as  a  clinician.  Corre- 
sponding Secretary  1902,  First  Vice-President  1903  and  President  1905. 
He  was  President  of  the  St.  Louis  Dental  Society  1897,  Secretary  of 
the  National  Association  of  Dental  Faculties  from  1897  to  1905  and 
President  of  same  1906.  President  Institute  of  Dental  Pedagogics  1908, 
Member  National  Dental  Association,  Central  District  Dental  Society 
of  Missouri,  Corresiionding  Member  Illinois  State  Society. 

Dr.  Kennerly  is  a  Methodi-t  in  bis  church  affiliations,  a  Democrat 
in  politics  and  a  member  of  the  Mascnic  order.  He  married  Miss 
Alice  V.  Stark,  of  Dover,  Mo. 


136 


WILIJAM  MARTIN  CARTER. 
Forty-first  President. 

William  Martin  Carter  was  born  October  25,  1857,  in  Lafajette 
County,  near  Dover,  Mo.,  at  the  home  of  his  uncle,  Samuel  Hodgens. 

His  parents  were  Jesse  Woodward  Carter  and  Margaret  Campbell 
Carter.  His  mother  was  a  first  cousin  of  Alexander  Campbell,  the 
founder  of  the  Christian  Church.  His  father  was  president  of  a  female 
seminary  at  Paris,  Mo.,  for  a  number  of  years.  His  boyhood  was  spent 
attending  school  at  Waveiiy,  Mo.  He  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  .J.  W. 
Meng,  at  Lexington,  Mo.,  in  the  fall  of  1879,  and  remained  till  the 
spring  of  1880.  From  there  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  L.  O.  Ellis 
at  Sedalia,  Mo.,  ren  aining  there  till  the  fall,  when  he  entered  the  Mis- 
souri Dental  College,  where  he  only  attended  one  term.  In  the  spring 
of  1881  he  opened  an  office  at  Waverly,  Mo.,  where  he  remained  till 
fall,  when  he  moved  to  Sedalia,  Mo.,  and  bought  out  Dr.  L.  O.  Ellis 
where  he  has  remained  in  practice  continuously  tb  this  date  (19U9). 
He  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  in  1882  and  was 
electe  1  President  in  1905,  serving  in  this  capacity  at  Springfield  1906. 
He  was  President  of  the  Central  Missouri  Dental  Society  in  1905, 
President  of  the  Sedalia  Dental  Society  in  1902.  He  has  contributed 
a  number  of  papers  and  clinics  to  the  societies  he  has  affiliated  with. 
He  is  an  enthusiastic  gclf  player,  an  Elder  in  the  Christian  Church, 
Member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 

Dr.  Carter  married  Mi?s  Mary  L.  Fletcher  in  1881.  Their  children 
are  F.  W.  Carter,  D.  D.  S.,  who  is  associated  with  his  father  in  prac- 
tice. Marguerite  M.  Carter,  ninl   Francps  Ruth  Cnrtcr. 


137 


FRANK  GILBERT   WORTHLEY,   D.   D.   S. 

Forty-second  President. 

Frank  Gilbert  Worthley  was  born  at  Rocl<Lford,  lib,  June  23rd, 
1857.  His  father,  Asa  Truman  Worthley,  was  born  in  Maine,  as  was 
also  his  mother,  Caroline  Elizabeth  Leighton.  Both  were  of  English 
descent,  their  forebears  having  been  among  the  early  settlers  of  New 
England.  They  were  married  at  Farmington,  Me.,  and  removed  to 
Rockford,  111.,  in  1856,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born.  The 
family  lived  there  until  1871,  when  the  father  died.  In  the  same  year 
the  family  removed   to  Chillicothe,  Mo. 

Dr.  Worthley  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Illi- 
nois and  Missouri.  In  1S77  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Myron  H. 
Wilcox,  of  Chillicothe,  as  a  student.  After  spending  two  years  in  the 
office  of  Dr.  Wilcox  he  went  to  Crete,  Nebraska.  He  practiced  in  va- 
rious towns  in  Nebraska  and  Kansas  until  1885,  wJien  he  quit  the 
piactice  of  Dentistry  to  engage  in  the  creamery  and  commission  busi- 
ness. Not  finding  this  as  profitable  as  he  had  hoped,  in  1890  he  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  Dentistry,  locating  at  Mountain  Grove,  Mo. 

In  1892  he  entered  the  Western  Dental  College  and  graduated  in 
1895,  receiving  first  prize  for  excellence  in  his  college  work.  In  1899 
he  accepted  the  chair  of  Dental  Pathology  and  Therapeutics,  and 
the  position  of  Demonstrator  of  Operative  Dentistry  in  the  Western 
Dental  College,  both  positions  he  still  holds. 

Dr.  Worthley  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Missouri  State 
Dental  Association,  which  he  joined  in  1899  and  was  President  of  in 
1908,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Kansas  State  Dental  Association,  and 
the  Kansas  City  Dental  Society,  of  which  he  was  President  1907-08, 
and  honorary  member  of  the  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Territory  Asso- 
ciations.    He  is  also  editor  of  (he  Prosthetic  l)<>|);iitnioiit  of  The  West- 


ern  Dental  Journal.  Dr.  Worthley  has  always  been  a  lover  of  athletics 
and  outdoor  sports  and  is  an  enthusiastic  hunter  and  fisherman.  His 
"fish  stories"  are  a  proverb  among  his  students.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  and  Knights  of  Pythias  lodges  and  the  Methodist  E\ns- 
copal  Church. 

In  1880  Dr.  Worthley  was  married,  to  Emma  C.  Amy,  of  Friend, 
Nebraslia.  They  have  one  son,  Bernard  L.  Worthley,  D.  D.  S.,  who 
is  now  practicing  in  Trenton,  :\lo. 


139 


JAMES  WILLIAM  HULL,  D.  D.  S. 
Forty-third  President. 

James  W.  Hull  was  born  at  Weston,  Mo.,  May  10th,  1872.  His 
father  was  a  nattye  of  Kentucky,  and  located  in  Missouri  in  1849. 
In  his  earlier  'iiffe,  he  was  associated  with  the  Burneses  in  freight 
transportation  by  wagon  from  Leavenworth  over  the  plains  to  Santa  Fe, 
New  Mexico,  ^ater  in  life  hib  chief  occupation  was  that  of  a  live 
stock  speculator; 

His  mother  was  Susan  A.  Lowe,  daughter  of  Shelton  J.  Lowe,  a 
Baptist  minister,  also  of  Kentucky,  and  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  a 
kinship  with  Jefferson  Davis. 

Young  Hull  attended  the  public  !-:chools  and  then  took  a  course 
at  the  St.  Joseph  Business  University,  after  which  he  took  the  Civil 
Service  examination  and  secured  a  Government  position  in  the  Post 
Office  Department,  which  he  held  fcr  a  time  and  was  encouraged  by 
a  promotion,  bUt  not  being  contented  with  a  salaried  position,  resigned 
and  entered  the  Dental  Department  of  Washington  University,  from 
which  he  graduated  as  D.  D.  S.  in  1898,  receiving  the  second  prize  for 
the  best  grade  in  Operative  Dentistry. 

He  located  in  Kansas  City,  where  he  cDutinues  practice.  He  was 
elected  a  member  in  1898  and  President  of  Missouri  Dental  Associa- 
tion in  1908.  He  also  is  a  member  of  the  Kansas  State  Dental  So- 
ciety, the  Kansas  City  Dental  Society,  the  National  Dental  Associa- 
tion, the  Section  of  Stomatology,  American  Medical  Association  and 
Washington  University  Alumni  Association.  He  was  chairman,  Mem- 
bership Committee  for  Missouri  of  the  Fourth  International  Dental 
Congress  1904,  and  is  the  Secretary  of  section  three  of  the  National 
Dental  Association  1909.  He  has  given  several  papers  to  the  different 
societies,  among  them  "Dentistry  as  a  Fine  Art,"  "Conservatism  in 
Dentistry,"    l)Oth    read    before    the   Missouri    State    Dental    Association, 

140 


and  the  "Evolution  of  thf  Crown,"  Ijet'ore  the  Kansas  City  Dental  So- 
ciety. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Kansas  City  Commercial  Club,  the  Uni- 
versity Club,  the  Knife  and  Fork  Club  and  Evanston  Golf  Club,  golt 
being  his  chief  recreation. 

He  is  also  a  Knight  Teniplai  and  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason 
and  Shriner,  and  is  unmarried. 


141 


JESSE  BENTON  McBRIDE,  D.  D.  S. 

Forty -fourth   President. 

Jesse  Benton  McBride  was  born  at  Greenfield,  Missouri,  August 
14,  1869.  He  is  the  son  of  Wm.  H.  and  Victoria  McBride.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Public  School  of  Greenfield,  Mo.  Clerked  in  his  father's 
store  until  nineteen  years  of  age.  Studied  Dentistry  with  Dr.  Bagly 
at  Greenfield,  Mo.,  attended  the  Philadelphia  Dental  College,  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  from  that  institution 
in  1890.  Practiced  in  Jericho  Springs  and  Greenfield,  and  moved  to 
Springfield,  Mo.,  in  the  summer  of  1890,  where  he  now  resides.  He 
has  no  particular  fads,  but  is  partial  to  Operative  Dentistry,  In  which 
he  excells. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Gertrude  McKinley,  of  Windsor,  Mo.,  De- 
cember 25,  1901.     They  have  one  child,  James  Benton  McBride. 

Dr.  McBride  joined  the  Missouri  State  Dental  Association  in  1897. 
He  has  served  on  various  committees  and  as  a  clinician,  was  elected 
First  Vice-President  1907  and  President  1908. 


142 


IMIOM  I  \  KNT     M  KM  i;  !■;  I{  S 


MISvSOl'RI. 


C.    L.   Hunjicrfonl 


J.  Cj.  Hollingsworth 


e.   C.   Allen 


1'.    Root 


II.    II.    Sullivan 


PROMINENT     MP:MHERS 


MISSOURI 


Edgar  Park 


I).   ().    M.    LeCron 


S.   T.    Hassftt 


E.   P.   Danieron 


P:.    Iv.    Ilaverstick 


P  K  O  M  I  N  E  N  T     MEM  P>  E  K  S  . 


IOWA 


W.   O.    Kulp 


I^.   C.   Inj^ersol 


W.   H.   DeFord 
MINNESOTA  TKNNESSEE 


K.    K.   Weill  est  ;l-(U 


J.    I",   (".rav 


PROMINENT     MEMBERS 


KANvSAS 


L.  C.  Wasson 


R.   A.   Wasson 


I".   ().   llelrick 


PR  O  M  I  N  E  N  T     Ar  E  >[  B  E  Rl^. 


NEW  YORK 


A.   W.   Harlan 


ILLINOIS 


\V.   H.  Taggart 


A.   C.   Hewett 


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